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15/09/15 - Про пожертвования и ДДоС
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11/06/15 - Обновление списка досок и главной страницы
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Тивач - совместный просмотр фильмов, передач и видеороликов с чатом
Главная Настройка Mobile Контакты NSFW Каталог Избранное Пожертвования Купить пасскод Pics
Тематика [au / bi / biz / bo / c / em / fa / fiz / fl / ftb / hh / hi / me / mg / mlp / mo / mov / mu / ne / psy / re / sci / sf / sn / sp / spc / tv / un / w / wh / wm / wp] Творчество [di / diy / mus / pa / p / wrk / trv] Техника и софт [gd / hw / mobi / pr / ra / s / t / web] Игры [bg / cg / es / mmo / moba / tes / vg / wr] Японская культура [a / fd / ja / ma / vn] Разное [d / b / soc / media / r / abu / rf / Тивач ] Взрослым [fg / fur / gg / ga / h / ho / hc / e / fet / sex / fag] Политика [po / wn] [ Прочие доски ] Мои доски

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15/09/15 - Про пожертвования и ДДоС
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11/06/15 - Обновление списка досок и главной страницы
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Главная Настройка Mobile Контакты NSFW Каталог Избранное Пожертвования Купить пасскод Pics
Тематика [au / bi / biz / bo / c / em / fa / fiz / fl / ftb / hh / hi / me / mg / mlp / mo / mov / mu / ne / psy / re / sci / sf / sn / sp / spc / tv / un / w / wh / wm / wp] Творчество [di / diy / mus / pa / p / wrk / trv] Техника и софт [gd / hw / mobi / pr / ra / s / t / web] Игры [bg / cg / es / mmo / moba / tes / vg / wr] Японская культура [a / fd / ja / ma / vn] Разное [d / b / soc / media / r / abu / rf / Тивач ] Взрослым [fg / fur / gg / ga / h / ho / hc / e / fet / sex / fag] Политика [po / wn] [ Прочие доски ] Мои доски

/Б/ред
[Ответить в тред]
15/09/15 - Про пожертвования и ДДоС
19/08/15 - Официальная конференция в Телеграме
11/06/15 - Обновление списка досок и главной страницы
/alco/ - Алкоголь /ukr/ - /Ukr/aine — Україна /got/ - Песнь льда и пламени /mc/ - Minecraft /by/ - Беларусь
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vk.com/ru2ch - оФФициальная группа VK
Тивач - совместный просмотр фильмов, передач и видеороликов с чатом
Главная Настройка Mobile Контакты NSFW Каталог Избранное Пожертвования Купить пасскод Pics
Тематика [au / bi / biz / bo / c / em / fa / fiz / fl / ftb / hh / hi / me / mg / mlp / mo / mov / mu / ne / psy / re / sci / sf / sn / sp / spc / tv / un / w / wh / wm / wp] Творчество [di / diy / mus / pa / p / wrk / trv] Техника и софт [gd / hw / mobi / pr / ra / s / t / web] Игры [bg / cg / es / mmo / moba / tes / vg / wr] Японская культура [a / fd / ja / ma / vn] Разное [d / b / soc / media / r / abu / rf / Тивач ] Взрослым [fg / fur / gg / ga / h / ho / hc / e / fet / sex / fag] Политика [po / wn] [ Прочие доски ] Мои доски

/Б/ред
[Ответить в тред]
15/09/15 - Про пожертвования и ДДоС
19/08/15 - Официальная конференция в Телеграме
11/06/15 - Обновление списка досок и главной страницы
/alco/ - Алкоголь /ukr/ - /Ukr/aine — Україна /got/ - Песнь льда и пламени /mc/ - Minecraft /by/ - Беларусь
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Тивач - совместный просмотр фильмов, передач и видеороликов с чатом
Главная Настройка Mobile Контакты NSFW Каталог Избранное Пожертвования Купить пасскод Pics
Тематика [au / bi / biz / bo / c / em / fa / fiz / fl / ftb / hh / hi / me / mg / mlp / mo / mov / mu / ne / psy / re / sci / sf / sn / sp / spc / tv / un / w / wh / wm / wp] Творчество [di / diy / mus / pa / p / wrk / trv] Техника и софт [gd / hw / mobi / pr / ra / s / t / web] Игры [bg / cg / es / mmo / moba / tes / vg / wr] Японская культура [a / fd / ja / ma / vn] Разное [d / b / soc / media / r / abu / rf / Тивач ] Взрослым [fg / fur / gg / ga / h / ho / hc / e / fet / sex / fag] Политика [po / wn] [ Прочие доски ] Мои доски

/Б/ред
[Ответить в тред]
15/09/15 - Про пожертвования и ДДоС
19/08/15 - Официальная конференция в Телеграме
11/06/15 - Обновление списка досок и главной страницы
/alco/ - Алкоголь /ukr/ - /Ukr/aine — Україна /got/ - Песнь льда и пламени /mc/ - Minecraft /by/ - Беларусь
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Аноним 19/09/15 Суб 00:28:17 №102103xxx
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию пo перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 годa до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передачa наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и oрганизовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в началe 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию пo перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привелo к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убилa Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передaчa наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передачa наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторoнников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 годa до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнeйшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. дoбился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, чтo привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его coратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его сoратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соpатников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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An Caighdeán Oifigiúil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ("The Official Standard"), often shortened to An Caighdeán, is the Irish language standard, which is taught in most schools in Ireland, though with strong influences from local dialects. It was published by the translators in Dáil Éireann in the 1950s.[1]

Its development in the 1950s and 1960s had two purposes. One was to simplify Irish spelling, which had retained its Classical spelling, by removing many silent letters, and to give a standard written form that was mutually intelligible by speakers with different dialects.[1] Though many aspects of the Caighdeán are essentially those of Connacht Irish, this was simply because this is the central dialect which forms a "bridge", as it were, between the North and South. In reality, dialect speakers pronounce words as in their own dialect, as the spelling simply reflects the pronunciation of Classical Irish. For example, ceann "head" in early modern Irish was pronounced [cenːˠ]. The spelling has been retained, but the word is variously pronounced [caun̪ˠ] in the South, [cɑːn̪ˠ] in Connacht, and [cæn̪ˠː] in the North. Beag "small" was [bʲɛɡ] in early modern Irish, and is now [bʲɛɡ] in Waterford Irish, [bʲɔɡ] in Cork-Kerry Irish, varies between [bʲɔɡ] and [bʲæɡ] in the West, and is [bʲɞɡ] in the North.

The simplification was weighted in favour of the Western dialect. For example, the early modern Irish leaba, dative case leabaidh [ˈl̠ʲebˠɪʝ] "bed" is pronounced [ˈl̠ʲabə] as well as [ˈl̠ʲabɪɟ] in Munster Irish, [l̠ʲæbʷə] in Connacht Irish ([l̠ʲæːbʷə] in Cois Fharraige Irish), and [l̠ʲæbˠi] in the North. Native speakers from the North and South may consider that leabaidh should be the representation in the Caighdeán rather than actual leaba. However, leaba is the historically correct nominative form and arguably preferable to the historically incorrect yet common use of the dative form for the nominative.

On the other hand, in other cases the Caighdeán retained classical spellings even when none of the dialects had retained the corresponding pronunciation. For example, it has retained the Classical Irish spelling of ar "on, for, etc." and ag "at, by, of, etc.". The first is pronounced [ɛɾʲ] throughout the Goidelic-speaking world (and is written er in Manx, and air in Scottish Gaelic), and should be written either eir or oir in Irish. The second is pronounced [ɪɟ] in the South, and [ɛɟ] in the North and West. Again, Manx and Scottish Gaelic reflect this pronunciation much more clearly than Irish does (Manx ec, Scottish aig).

In many cases, however, the Caighdeán can only refer to the Classical language, in that every dialect is different, as happens in the personal forms of ag "at, by, of, etc."

Munster : agùm [əˈɡʊmˠ], agùt [əˈɡʊt̪ˠ], igè [ɪˈɟɛ], icì [ɪˈci], agùing [əˈɡʊɲ] / aguìng [əˈɡɪɲ] (West Cork/Kerry agùin [əˈɡʊnʲ] / aguìn [əˈɡɪnʲ]), agùibh/aguìbh [əˈɡʊvʲ] / [əˈɡɪvʲ], acù [əˈkʊ]
Connacht : am [amˠ] (agam [ˈaɡəmˠ]), ad [ˈad̪ˠ] (agad [ˈaɡəd̪ˠ]), aige [ˈɛɟə], aici [ˈɛci], ainn [an̠ʲ] (againn [ˈaɡən̠ʲ]), aguí [ˈaɡi], acab [ˈakəbə]
Ulster : aigheam [ɛimˠ], aighead [ɛid̪ˠ], aige [ˈeɟə], aicí [ˈeci], aighinn [ɛin̠ʲ], aighif [ɛifʲ], acú [ˈaku]
Caighdeán : agam [ˈaɡəmˠ], agat [ˈaɡət̪ˠ], aige [ˈɛɟə], aici [ˈɛci], againn [ˈaɡən̠ʲ], agaibh [ˈaɡəvʲ], acu [ˈaku] / [ˈakə]
Another purpose was to create a grammatically regularised or "simplified" standard which would make the language more accessible for the majority English speaking school population. In part this is why the Caighdeán is not universally respected by native speakers, in that it makes simplified language an ideal, rather than the ideal that native speakers traditionally had of their dialects (or of the Classical dialect if they had knowledge of that). Of course, this was not the original aim of the developers, who rather saw the "school-version" Caighdeán as a means of easing second-language learners into the task of learning "full" Irish. The Caighdeán verb system is a prime example, with the reduction in irregular verb forms and personal forms of the verb – except for the first persons. However, once the word "standard" becomes used, the forms represented as "standard" take on a power of their own, and therefore the ultimate goal has become forgotten in many circles.

The Caighdeán, with variations, is in general used by non-native speakers, frequently from the capital, and is sometimes also called "Dublin Irish" or "Urban Irish". As it is taught in many Irish-Language schools (where Irish is the main, or sometimes only, medium of instruction), it is also sometimes called "Gaelscoil Irish". The so-called "Belfast Irish", spoken in that city's Gaeltacht Quarter is the Caighdeán heavily influenced by Ulster Irish and Belfast English.

The differences between dialects are considerable, and have led to recurrent difficulties in defining standard Irish. In recent decades contacts between speakers of different dialects have become more frequent and the differences between the dialects are less noticeable.[citation needed]

An Caighdeán Oifigiúil—Caighdeán Athbhreithnithe[edit]
As of August 2012,[2] the first major revision of the Caighdeán Oifigiúil is available, both online[3] and in print.[4] Among the changes to be found in the revised version are, for example, various attempts to bring the recommendations of the Caighdeán closer to the spoken dialect of Gaeltacht speakers,[5] including allowing further use of the nominative case where the genitive would historically have been found.[6]

References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Beginners' Blas". BBC. June 2005. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Niamh Ní Shúilleabháin (2012-08-02). "Caighdeán Athbhreithnithe don Ghaeilge". Gaelport.com (in Irish). Retrieved 2012-08-02.
Jump up ^ "An Caighdeán Oifigiúil—Caighdeán Athbhreithnithe" (PDF) (in Irish). Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais. January 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Foilseacháin Rialtais / Government Publications—Don tSeachtain dar críoch 25 Iúil 2012 / For the week ended 25 July 2012" (PDF) (in Gaeilge, [ie]; English, and [en]). Rialtas na hÉireann. 27 July 2012. p. 2. Retrieved 2012-08-02. M67B Gramadach na Gaeilge 9781406425766 390 10.00
Jump up ^ Vivian Uíbh Eachach, ed. (January 2012). An Caighdeán Oifigiúil—Caighdeán Athbhreithnithe (PDF) (in Irish). Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais. p. 7. Rinneadh iarracht ar leith san athbhreithniú seo foirmeacha agus leaganacha atá ar fáil go tréan sa chaint sna mórchanúintí a áireamh sa Chaighdeán Oifigiúil Athbhreithnithe sa tslí is go mbraithfeadh an gnáthchainteoir mórchanúna go bhfuil na príomhghnéithe den chanúint sin aitheanta sa Chaighdeán Oifigiúil agus, mar sin, gur gaire don ghnáthchaint an Caighdeán Oifigiúil anois ná mar a bhíodh.
Jump up ^ Vivian Uíbh Eachach, ed. (January 2012). An Caighdeán Oifigiúil—Caighdeán Athbhreithnithe (PDF) (in Irish). Seirbhís Thithe an Oireachtais. p. 7. Retrieved 2012-08-02. Triaileadh, mar shampla, aitheantas a thabhairt don leathnú atá ag teacht ar úsáid fhoirm an ainmnigh in ionad an ghinidigh sa chaint.
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дaльнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Prigg v. Pennsylvania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prigg v. Pennsylvania
Seal of the United States Supreme Court.svg
Supreme Court of the United States
Decided March 1, 1842
Full case name Edward Prigg v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Citations 41 U.S. 539 (more)
10 L. Ed. 1060; 1842 U.S. LEXIS 387
Prior history IN error to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Holding
Federal law is superior to state law, but states do not have to use their resources to enforce federal law.
Court membership
Chief Justice
Roger B. Taney
Associate Justices
Joseph Story · Smith Thompson
John McLean · Henry Baldwin
James M. Wayne · John Catron
John McKinley · Peter V. Daniel
Case opinions
Majority Story
Concurrence Taney, Thompson, Wayne, Daniel, McLean
Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Federal Fugitive Slave Act precluded a Pennsylvania state law that prohibited blacks from being taken out of Pennsylvania into slavery, and overturned the conviction of Edward Prigg as a result.

Occurring under the presidency of John Tyler, Prigg v. Pennsylvania is notable in the history of American civil rights for having further weakened the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 after much circumvention of it on the part of state jurisdictions.

Contents [hide]
1 Federal and state laws
1.1 Federal law
1.2 Pennsylvania law
2 Case background
3 The case
4 Impact
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Federal and state laws[edit]
Federal law[edit]
In March 1789, the Constitution of the United States came into force, having been ratified by nine states. Article IV, Section 2 contained two clauses (the Extradition Clause and the Fugitive Slave Clause)[1] which did not use the term "slavery" directly but which related to the legality of fleeing justice, creditors, owners, or other agencies across state borders and to escaped slaves:

"A person charged in any state with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime."
"No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor; but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." (This clause was superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment,[2] but that amendment came into force only 77 years later, on December 6, 1865.)
On February 12, 1793, the Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, the long title of which was "An Act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the service of their masters".[3]

Pennsylvania law[edit]
On March 29, 1788, the State of Pennsylvania passed an amendment to one of its laws (An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, originally enacted March 1, 1780); this amendment stated that "No negro or mulatto slave ... shall be removed out of this state, with the design and intention that the place of abode or residence of such slave or servant shall be thereby altered or changed."

On March 25, 1826, the State of Pennsylvania passed a further law, which stated in part:

If any person or persons shall, from and after the passing of this act, by force and violence, take and carry away, or cause to be taken or carried away, and shall, by fraud or false pretense, seduce, or cause to be seduced, or shall attempt so to take, carry away or seduce, any negro or mulatto, from any part or parts of this commonwealth, to any other place or places whatsoever, out of this commonwealth, with a design and intention of selling and disposing of, or of causing to be sold, or of keeping and detaining, or of causing to be kept and detained, such negro or mulatto, as a slave or servant for life, or for any term whatsoever, every such person or persons, his or their aiders or abettors, shall on conviction thereof, in any court of this commonwealth having competent jurisdiction, be deemed guilty of a felony.[4]

Case background[edit]
In 1832, a black woman named Margaret Morgan moved to Pennsylvania from Maryland, where she had once been a slave to a man named John Ashmore. In Maryland, she had lived in virtual freedom but had never been formally emancipated.[5] Ashmore's heirs eventually decided to claim her as a slave and hired slavecatcher Edward Prigg to recover her.

On April 1, 1837, Edward Prigg led an assault and abduction on Morgan in York County, Pennsylvania. They took Morgan to Maryland, intending to sell her as a slave (her children, one of whom was born a free citizen in Pennsylvania, were also captured and sold). The four men involved in the abduction were arraigned under the 1826 act. Prigg pleaded not guilty, and argued that he had been duly appointed by John Ashmore to arrest and return Morgan to her owner in Maryland. However, in a ruling on May 22, 1839, the Court of Quarter Sessions of York County convicted him.

Prigg appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on the grounds that the Pennsylvania law was not able to supersede federal law or the constitution; the Fugitive Slave Act and Article 4 of the constitution being in conflict with the Pennsylvania law of 1788. The case was Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U. S. 539 (1842).[6]

The case[edit]
Events leading to
the American Civil War
Slavery
Northwest Ordinance
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Missouri Compromise
Tariff of 1828
Nat Turner's slave rebellion
Nullification Crisis
The Amistad
Prigg v. Pennsylvania
Texas annexation
Mexican–American War
Wilmot Proviso
Manifest destiny
Underground Railroad
Nashville Convention
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Kansas–Nebraska Act
Ostend Manifesto
Bleeding Kansas
Caning of Charles Sumner
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The Impending Crisis of the South
Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1860 presidential election
Secession of Southern States
Star of the West
Corwin Amendment
Battle of Fort Sumter
v t e
Prigg and his lawyer argued that the 1788 and 1826 Pennsylvania laws were unconstitutional:

First, because of the injunction in Article IV of the U.S. Constitution that "No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor; but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due."
Second, because, the exercise of Federal legislation, such as that undertaken by Congress in passing the act of the February 12th 1793, supersedes any State law.
As a consequence, they argued, the 1788 Pennsylvania law, in all its provisions applicable to this case, should be voided. The question was whether Pennsylvania law violated the constitutional guarantee of fugitive slave return and the 1793 Act of Congress passed to implement it.

Writing for the Court, Justice Joseph Story reversed the conviction and held the Pennsylvania law unconstitutional as a denial of both the right of slaveholders to recover their slaves under Article IV and the Federal Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, which trumped the state law per the Supremacy Clause. Six justices wrote separate opinions.

Though Story ruled the Pennsylvania laws unconstitutional, his opinion left the door open for further such actions by the state in his writing:

As to the authority so conferred upon state magistrates [to deal with runaway slaves], while a difference of opinion has existed, and may exist still on the point, in different states, whether state magistrates are bound to act under it; none is entertained by this Court that state magistrates may, if they choose, exercise that authority, unless prohibited by state legislation.

Impact[edit]
Story's phrase "unless prohibited by state legislation" became the impetus for a number of personal liberty laws enacted by Pennsylvania and the other Northern states. These laws did as the Court had suggested: they prohibited state officials from interfering with runaway slaves in any capacity. Runaways could not be caught or incarcerated, cases could not be heard, and no assistance could be offered to those wishing to recapture slaves. The Fugitive Slave Act still stood, but only federal agents could enforce it.

Such an emphatic refusal to uphold the Fugitive Slave Act was viewed in the Southern states as a brazen violation of the federal compact. One letter to South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun stated that the new personal liberties laws "rendered slave property utterly insecure" and constituted a "flagrant violation of the spirit of the U.S. Constitution."[7]

It was these laws that led to The Compromise of 1850—California could enter the Union as a free state, but the Northern states would have to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act within their own borders.

In avoiding one crisis, the Court prepared the way for a greater one. By discouraging state cooperation in returning fugitives, the Prigg decision undercut the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and made necessary the more brutal one of 1850. The South had been forced to look to the federal government for a national solution, and the Court had pledged itself in advance to support such a solution, despite that fact that the North would certainly be mobilized against it. In addition, people began to believe that the Court, and only the Court, was uniquely qualified to soothe the growing agitation over slavery.

See also[edit]
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 41
American slave court cases
Ableman v. Booth - similar case related to Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Dred Scott v. Sandford – related case
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Article IV | LII / Legal Information Institute
Jump up ^ Thirteenth Amendment|LII / Legal Information Institute
Jump up ^ Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
Jump up ^ http://www.milestonedocuments.com/document_detail.php?id=127&more=fulltext
Jump up ^ Amar, Akhil Reed (2005). America's Constitution: A Biography. Random House. p. 262. ISBN 1-4000-6262-4.
Jump up ^ PRIGG V. PENNSYLVANIA, 41 U. S. 539 :: Volume 41 :: 1842 :: US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez
Jump up ^ "Fugitive Slaves"
Further reading[edit]
Burke, Joseph C. "What Did the Prigg Decision Really Decide?" Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 93, No. 1 (January, 1969), pp. 73–85 in JSTOR
Goldstein, Leslie Friedman, “A ‘Triumph of Freedom’ after All? Prigg v. Pennsylvania Re-examined,” Law and History Review, 29 (Aug. 2011), 763–96.
Nogee, Joseph. "The Prigg Case and Fugitive Slavery, 1842-1850," Journal of Negro History Vol. 39, No. 3 (July, 1954), pp. 185–205 in JSTOR
External links[edit]
Maryland State Archives: Legacy of Slavery
Works related to Prigg v. Pennsylvania at Wikisource
Text of Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842) is available from: Findlaw Justia
Categories: United States Supreme Court casesSupremacy Clause case lawLegal history of Pennsylvania1842 in United States case lawUnited States slavery case law1842 in PennsylvaniaFugitive Slave Clause case lawCriminal cases in the Taney Court
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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List of power stations in France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following page lists all power stations in France.

Contents [hide]
1 Geothermal
2 Nuclear
3 Thermal
4 Hydroelectric
5 See also
6 References
Geothermal[edit]
Station Capacity (MW) Location Status
Bouillante 2 Power Plant[1] 15 Bouillante, Gouadaloupe Operational
Nuclear[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Type Capacity, MWe Operational Notes
Belleville NPP Belleville-sur-Loire 47.510534°N 2.8761864°E PWR 2 x 1,363 1987-1988 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Blayais NPP Braud-et-Saint-Louis 45.255833°N 0.693056°W PWR 4 x 951 1981-1983 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Brennilis NPP Brennilis 48.3533°N 3.872203°W HWGCR 1 x 70 1967
retired 1985 heavy water reactor, only one of its kind in France
Bugey Saint-Vulbas 45.798333°N 5.270833°E GCR 1 x 555 1972
(retired 1994) Reactor supplier multiple vendors
T/G supplier Rateau and Jeumont-Schneider
Cattenom NPP Cattenom 49.4158°N 6.2181°E PWR 4 x 1,362 1986-1991 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Chinon NPP Avoine 47.230556°N 0.170556°E PWR 4 X 954 1988 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom and 3 GCR reactors was retired
Chooz-B NPP Chooz 50.09°N 4.789444°E PWR 2 x 1,560 1998-2000 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Chooz-A is the first PWR reactor in Europe with capacity 310MWe began operation Apr 1967 and retired Apr 2010
Civaux NPP Civaux 46.456667°N 0.652778°E PWR 2 x 1,561 1998-2000 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Cruas NPP Cruas 44.633056°N 4.756667°E PWR 4 X 956 1983-1984 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Dampierre NPP Dampierre-en-Burly 47.7336808°N 2.5172853°E PWR 4 x 937 1980-1981 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Fessenheim NPP Fessenheim 47.9032247°N 7.5623059°E PWR 2x 920 1977 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
oldest PWR reactors in France still in commercial operation
Flamanville NPP Flamanville 49.536389°N 1.881667°W PWR 2 x 1,382 1985-1986 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
the first EPR (PWR 3rd generation) reactor in France
Flamanville-3 NPP Flamanville 49.536389°N 1.881667°W PWR 1 x 1,750 2014 Reactor supplier Areva
T/G supplier Alstom
under construction, the 100th reactor ordered from Framatome (now Areva)
Golfech NPP Golfech 44.1067°N 0.8453°E PWR 2 x 1,363 1991-1993 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Gravelines NPP Gravelines 51.015278°N 2.136111°E PWR 6 x 951 1980-1985 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Marcoule-G1 Bagnols-sur-Cèze 44.143333°N 4.709444°E GCR 1 x 5 1956
retired 1968 Reactor supplier SACM
T/G supplier Rateau
Marcoule-G2 & G3 Bagnols-sur-Cèze 44.143333°N 4.709444°E GCR 2 x 43 1959
retired 1984 Reactor supplier SACM
T/G supplier Rateau
Nogent NPP Nogent-sur-Seine 48.515278°N 3.517778°E PWR 2 x 1,363 1987-1988 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Paluel NPP Paluel 49.858056°N 0.635556°E PWR 4 x 1,382 1985-1986 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Penly NPP Penly 49.976667°N 1.211944°E PWR 2 x 1,382 1990-1992 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
the second EPR reactor in France, is on planning
Phénix Bagnols-sur-Cèze 44.143333°N 4.711667°E FBR 1 x 250 1973
retired 2009 Reactor supplier CEM
T/G supplier CEM
Saint-Alban NPP Saint-Alban-du-Rhône 45.4042957°N 4.7555351°E PWR 2 x 1,381 1985-1986 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Saint-Laurent-B NPP Saint-Laurent-Nouan 47.72°N 1.5775°E PWR 2 x 956 1981 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Superphénix Creys-Mépieu 45.758333°N 5.472222°E FBR 1 x 1,242 1986
retired 1998 Reactor supplier Novatome
T/G supplier Ansaldo
Tricastin NPC Bollène 44.329722°N 4.732222°E PWR 4 x 955 1983-1984 Reactor supplier Framatome
T/G supplier Alstom
Thermal[edit]
Name Location Coordinates Capacity, MWe Operational Notes
Provence Power Station Gardanne 43.469444°N 5.486111°E 868 MW ? 300 metre tall chimney
Hydroelectric[edit]
Station Location Coordinates Capacity (MW) Status
Grand'Maison Dam Isère 1800 Operational
Charmes Dam Beauchastel 44.823757°N 4.811239°E 223 Operational
Bort-les-Orgues Dam Bort-les-Orgues 45.413289°N 2.497512°E 240 Operational
La Roche de Glun Dam Bourg lès Valence 45.010397°N 4.839448°E 186 Operational
Caderousse dam Caderousse 44.095934°N 4.723075°E 156 Operational
Chastang Dam Belvedere 45.151825°N 2.010005°E 282 Operational
Rochemaure Dam Chateauneuf du Rhône 44.592568°N 4.726374°E 285 Operational
Donzère-Mondragon (Bollène) dam Saint-Pierre de Senos 44.303735°N 4.742425°E 354 Operational
Eguzon dam Éguzon-Chantôme 46.454778°N 1.612759°E 12 Operational
Génissiat Dam Génissiat 46.052714°N 5.812862°E 396 Operational
l'Aigle Dam Aynes 45.243727°N 2.224817°E 133 Operational
Marèges Dam Marèges 45.391798°N 2.364335°E 272 Operational
Monteynard Power Station La Motte Saint Martin 44.961181°N 5.688751°E 364 Operational
Pouget Power Station Mas Audran 43.656035°N 3.401803°E 444.5 Operational
La Bâthie Power Station Boudin 45.685437°N 6.622497°E 546 Operational
Sarrans dam Sarrans 44.829479°N 2.740515°E 155 Operational
Saulce sur Rhône (Loriol Le Pouzin Dam) Le Pouzin 44.737391°N 4.763410°E 211 Operational
Serre-Ponçon Power Station Rousset 44.471644°N 6.270618°E 380 Operational
Tignes Dam (Brevieres/Malgovert) Tignes 45.494815°N 6.932142°E 428 Operational
Vallorcine Power Station (Emosson Dam) Châtelard 46°04′03″N 6°55′56″E 189 Operational
Vogelgrun Power Station Vogelgrun 48.020257°N 7.573829°E 140 Operational
Vouglans Dam Vouglans 46.397417°N 5.665560°E 262 Operational
Revin Pumped Storage Power Plant Revin 49.925556°N 4.613333°E 800 Operational
See also[edit]
List of power stations in Europe
List of largest power stations in the world
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.geothermal-energy.org/157,welcome_to_our_page_with_data_for_france_2.html
[hide] v t e
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрaния на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Klimki, Masovian Voivodeship
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other places with the same name, see Klimki (disambiguation).
Klimki
Village
Klimki is located in Poland KlimkiKlimki
Coordinates: 53°18′37″N 21°28′28″E
Country Poland Poland
Voivodeship Masovian
County Ostrołęka County
Gmina Kadzidło
Population 190
Klimki [ˈklimki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kadzidło, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kadzidło, 28 km (17 mi) north of Ostrołęka, and 126 km (78 mi) north of Warsaw.

The village has a population of 190.

References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.


[hide] v t e
Gmina Kadzidło
Seat
Kadzidło
Other villages
Brzozowa Brzozówka Chudek Czarnia Dylewo Dylewo Nowe Gleba Golanka Grale Jazgarka Jeglijowiec Karaska Kierzek Klimki Krobia Kuczyńskie Piasecznia Podgórze Rososz Siarcza Łąka Sól Strzałki Tatary Todzia Wach
Coordinates: 53°18′37″N 21°28′28″E

This Ostrołęka County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Villages in Ostrołęka CountyOstrołęka County geography stubs
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Action libérale nationale
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National Liberal Action
Leader Paul Gouin
Founded June 6, 1934
Dissolved October 25, 1939
Split from Quebec Liberal Party
Merged into Union Nationale
Ideology Quebec Nationalism,
Progressivism,
Corporativism,
Political catholicism
Politics of Quebec
Political parties
Elections
The Action libérale nationale (ALN, in English: National Liberal Action) was a short-lived provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. It was founded during the Great Depression and led by Paul Gouin. The ALN played an important role in the foundation of the Union Nationale.[1]

Contents [hide]
1 Origin and beliefs
2 Electoral breakthrough
3 Decline
4 Legacy
5 Election results
6 Notes
7 See also
8 External links
Origin and beliefs[edit]
The party was created in 1934 by dissidents from the Liberal Party of Quebec. It soon received the support of federal Liberal Member of Parliament Édouard Lacroix and Liberal Member of the Legislature Oscar Drouin.

The ALN promoted social justice, nationalism and was not affiliated to any federal party. Its platform included the following proposals:[2]

Farm credit;
Voluntary migration from cities to rural areas;
Rural electrification;
Nationalization of electricity;
Corporativism;
Electoral reform;
Its ideology was influenced by the social doctrine of the Catholic Church.

Electoral breakthrough[edit]
In order to unite the vote against the Liberal government of Alexandre Taschereau, the Action libérale nationale (ALN) and the Conservative Party of Quebec decided to run only one candidate of either party in each district for the 1935 Quebec election. With 29% of the vote, the ALN elected 26 out of 57 candidates; the Conservatives received 19% of the vote and won 16 seat out of 33 in which they ran a candidate.[3]

Decline[edit]
Less than a year later, Conservative Leader Maurice Duplessis, a rising star in provincial politics, tried to pressure ALN Leader Paul Gouin into merging both parties. While Gouin cuts ties with Duplessis, 22 of his Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) joined the new party, known as Union Nationale, which won the 1936 Quebec election.

Gouin did not run for re-election to the legislature in 1936. ALN MNAs Vital Cliche, Wilfrid-Eldège Lauriault and Frederick Arthur Monk ran for re-election as Independents. None of them were elected. Cliche ran as an Action libérale nationale candidate in a by-election held on March 17, 1937 in his home district of Beauce. He was defeated.

The ALN opposed conscription and contested the 1939 Quebec election. Other than Gouin who took the leadership, the party was unable to attract any of its former candidates from the 1935 election. Instead René Chaloult and Oscar Drouin, who had grown disillusioned with Duplessis after they joined the Union Nationale, ran as Liberal candidates. The party won only 4.5% of the vote and none of its 56 candidates were elected. It disappeared soon after.

Legacy[edit]
Even though the ALN did not survive the 1930s realignment in Quebec politics, many of its policies were eventually implemented by the provincial governments of Maurice Duplessis, Adélard Godbout and Jean Lesage.

Election results[edit]
General election # of candidates # of seats won % of popular vote
1935 57 26 29.57%
1936 No candidates ran under the ALN label in 1936.
1939 56 0 4.53%
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Patricia G. Dirks, The Failure of L'Action Libérale Nationale, ISBN 0-7735-0831-7, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, Montreal, 1991.
Jump up ^ Paul Gouin (1898-1976), Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College, 1997-2006
Jump up ^ Bilan du Siècle, 1934: Manifeste de l'Action libérale nationale
See also[edit]
Politics of Quebec
Quebec general elections
List of Quebec premiers
List of Quebec leaders of the Opposition
National Assembly of Quebec
Timeline of Quebec history
Political parties in Quebec
External links[edit]
National Assembly historical information
La Politique québécoise sur le Web
[hide] v t e
Political parties in Quebec Quebec
National Assembly
Liberal (71) Parti Québécois (30) Coalition Avenir Québec (21) Québec Solidaire (3)
Other recognized parties
Bloc pot Citizens' Union Conservative Équipe autonomiste Équitable Green Independentist Marxist-Leninist Mon pays le Québec New Democratic Nul Option nationale Québec - Révolution démocratique Sans parti Unité Nationale
Historical parties
Action Démocratique Action libérale nationale Bloc Populaire CCF/Social Democratic Conservative Equality Parti national populaire Ralliement créditiste Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale Union Nationale
Pre-Confederation parties
Château Clique/Tory Parti bleu Parti canadien/Parti patriote Parti rouge
Categories: Provincial political parties in QuebecPolitical parties established in 1934Defunct political parties in CanadaPolitical parties disestablished in 1939
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года до н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привeло к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторoнников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts
Address 12700 Center Court Drive
Location Cerritos, California
Coordinates 33.86759°N 118.06168°WCoordinates: 33.86759°N 118.06168°W
Owner City of Cerritos
Operator City of Cerritos
Type Performing arts center
Capacity 1,721
Construction
Opened 9 January 1993
Architect Barton Myers Associates
Website
www.cerritoscenter.com
The Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts (or CCPA) is a 154,000-square-foot (14,300 m2) entertainment and music venue located in the Cerritos Towne Center of Cerritos, California. It is owned and operated by the City of Cerritos and it opened its doors to the public on January 9, 1993 and hosts opera, cabaret, jazz, dance, magic, drama, musicals and comedy performances as well as private functions. Its season runs from August to May.

Contents [hide]
1 History and architecture
2 Seating configurations
3 Facilities
4 Awards and recognition
5 See also
6 External links
7 References
History and architecture[edit]
Plans for the construction of a community theater had been proposed in the Cerritos Towne Center since 1986, however, debate as to the size and influence of the theater vis-à-vis other venues in Southern California persisted. Fears primarily included having a large theater with few patrons in attendance.

The consultants, David Staples and Wally Russell of Theatre Projects Consultants from London, calmed fears and inspired city leaders with the details of Derngate Theatre in Northampton, England, where blocks of seats on rollers could be rearranged or removed completely, tailored to each performance. At the time, nothing like it existed in the United States.

Architects Barton Myers Associates of Los Angeles were hired to design a similar marvel for Cerritos. Once worries were abated, it was decided that a large venue that could compete with the likes of the Long Beach Terrace Theater, Orange County Performing Arts Center, and the Los Angeles Music Center would be a better direction for the development of the community theater. In 1987, the layout plans included an auditorium with six distinct seating configurations, a 5,100-square-foot (470 m2) conference center and a 200-seat theater with its own sound and lighting systems. Construction began shortly on a city landmark that incorporates glass walls, pink limestone, colorful ceramic tiles and angular points and projections. A glass elevator tower topped with pyramids, thin spires and pennants completed the final façade. The interior includes a lobby featuring a curved grand staircase with etched glass, stylish fireplace, soaring ceiling and artwork. Though initially budgeted $17 million for the development, the final price tag came out to be over $60 million.

More than 6,000 visitors attended the open house tours upon the CCPA's completion. With a $4 million spending budget to attract performances in its inaugural season, the CCPA's sold out opening night welcomed crooner Frank Sinatra for three nights, helping establish the Cerritos Center as a premier venue in the Southland.

The city council realized that it would take several seasons to build up an audience to make the Cerritos Center self-supporting, so a $2 million subsidy or pump-priming fund was budgeted to augment the annual $3 million from ticket sales and pay operating costs and performers. [1]

Seating configurations[edit]
There are six seating configurations in the 6,000-square-foot (560 m2) auditorium of the CCPA, made possible by moving seating towers and mobile seating wagons, multiple floor lifts and moving ceiling panels. It takes about eight hours or less to switch from one configuration to another.

Arena - A 1,691 to 1,721-seat arena setting with 500 floor seats surrounded by box seats and balconies on one side for popular music, comedy and jazz performances. [2]
Cabaret - A 1,324 to 1,504-seat cabaret setting with up to 67 tables and 412 chairs on a flat floor, surrounded by box seats and balconies, for jazz and other music performances. [3]
Concert - A 1,493 to 1,629-seat concert hall with in-the-round seating and acoustic concert ceiling panels for orchestras, recitals and acoustic performances. [4]
Drama - A 921 to 1,083-seat proscenium theater for plays, recitals and chamber music performances. [5]
In the Round - A 1,845 to 1,934-seat in-the-round theater for popular music, comedy and jazz performances. [6]
Lyric - A 1,311 to 1,391-seat proscenium theater for musical theater, dance and popular music performances. [7]
Facilities[edit]
The Sierra Room/Sierra Theater at the Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts features a technologically advanced grid of tracks and moveable partitions, which can divide the 5,100-square-foot (470 m2) space from one large open room to five smaller meeting places. A hidden retractable seating unit can be opened into part of the room creating the Sierra Room Theater, perfect for fashion shows, guest speakers and presentations. Additional amenities available include a state-of-the-art sound system, lighting and a dance floor for parties and wedding receptions. [8]

The Mojave Room as well as the Grand Lobby can be rented out for small business meetings, luncheons and receptions. [9]

Awards and recognition[edit]
1993-2001 Amusement Business Magazine Top 10 Venues - 5,000 seats or less in the United States.
1995 Performance Magazine "Theater of the Year"
1994 United States Institute of Theater Technology Honor Award
1993 Concrete Industry Paving Award
1993 Cabrillo Chapter of American Institute of Architects Design Award
In 1994, the CCPA received the United States Institute of Theater Technology's (USITT) highest honor, hailing the theater as "The most sophisticated project we've seen in terms of architecture, technology and urban design." Performance Magazine also acknowledged the Center's accomplishments, naming it the number one theater in California (under 3,000 seats) for the third consecutive year. [10]

See also[edit]
Cerritos, California
Cerritos Auto Square
Cerritos Millennium Library
Cerritos Senior Center at Pat Nixon Park
Cerritos Towne Center
Los Cerritos Center
External links[edit]
Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts
City of Cerritos
References[edit]
Eftychiou, A., & Cenovich, M. (2006). Cerritos at 50: celebrating our past and our future. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company Publishers.
History and design. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2006, from http://www.cerritoscenter.com/history.cfm
Mojave Room. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2006, from http://www.cerritoscenter.com/mojave.cfm
Sierra Room/Sierra Theater. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2006, from http://www.cerritoscenter.com/sierra.cfm
[show] v t e
Cerritos, California
Categories: Cerritos, CaliforniaMusic venues in CaliforniaPerforming arts centers in CaliforniaTheaters in Los Angeles County, CaliforniaCulture of Los Angeles, CaliforniaBarton Myers buildingsVisitor attractions in Los Angeles County, California
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Paradise (Bob Sinclar album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paradise
Paradise albumcover.jpg
Studio album by Bob Sinclar
Released 1998
Recorded 1997-1998
Genre French house
Length 01:00:09
Label Yellow Productions 398424686-2
Producer Bob Sinclar
Bob Sinclar chronology
Paradise
(1998) Champs Elysées
(2000)
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 2.5/5 stars[1]
Paradise is the debut studio album by French DJ Bob Sinclar. The album released on May 30, 1998, via Yellow Productions label.[2] The singles released from this record are "My Only Love", "The Ghetto", "Ultimate Funk".

Contents [hide]
1 Track listing
2 Credits
3 References
4 External links
Track listing[edit]
"Intro"
"Get into the Music" (by Q-T Fingers)
"Disco 2000 Selector"
"My Only Love" (featuring Lee A. Genesis)
"Paradise (Interlude)"
"The Ghetto" (featuring Karl The Voice)
"New York City Music"
"Ultimate Funk"
"Move Your Body"
"Souvenir"
"Vision of Paradise"
"Mo Underground People"
"Gym Tonic (Thomas Bangalter Mix)"
Credits[edit]
A&R – Alain Ho, Chris "Da French Kiss"
Design – La Shampouineuse
Management [Managing Director] – Bob Sinclar
Mastered By, Lacquer Cut By – Nilz
Mixed By – Cutee B
Producer – Bob Sinclar
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allmusic review
Jump up ^ "Bob Sinclar - Paradise". discogs.com. Retrieved 2014-11-01.
External links[edit]
Bob Sinclar's official website
[hide] v t e
Bob Sinclar
Albums
Paradise Champs Elysées Bob Sinclar Enjoy Western Dream Soundz of Freedom Born in 69 Made in Jamaica
Singles
"Gym Tonic" "My Only Love" "The Ghetto" "Ultimate Funk" "I Feel for You" "Darlin'" "Freedom" "Ich Rocke" "Save Our Soul" "The Beat Goes On" "Kiss My Eyes" "Love Generation" "World, Hold On (Children of the Sky)" "Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)" "Tennessee" "Everybody Movin'" "Sound of Freedom" "Give a Lil' Love" "What I Want" "What a Wonderful World" "Lala Song" "Love You No More" "New, New, New" "I Wanna" "Rainbow of Love "Tik Tok" "Far l'amore" "Me Not a Gangsta" "Rock the Boat" "Fuck with You"
Stub icon This 1990s album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 1998 albumsBob Sinclar albumsYellow Productions albums1990s album stubs
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Turkmen v. Ashcroft
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ambox current red.svg
This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2009)
Turkmen v. Ashcroft is an ongoing class action civil lawsuit filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) against the then-Attorney General John Ashcroft, FBI Director Robert Mueller, former INS Commissioner James Ziglar, and employees of the Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC) in Brooklyn, New York, on the behalf of a number of Muslim, South Asian, and Arab non-citizens who, under the pretext of immigration violations, were held in detention for several months.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

The lawsuit charges that the Immigration and Naturalization Service unlawfully held the plaintiffs several months after the completion of immigrations cases brought against them to allow the FBI to investigate potential links to terrorism, an alleged violation of their First, Fourth, and Fifth Amendment rights. The suit additionally alleges that the conditions of detainment of these prisoners, as well as the length of detainment, violated their rights, as prisoners were held in the Administrative Maximum Special Housing Unit (ADMAX SHU); deprived contact with their attorneys, families, and friends; prevented from the practice of their religions; and treated inhumanely in various ways, including being verbally and physically abused.

In February 2008 the case was reviewed by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, where Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor was one of the appeal court judges.[6][15]

David D. Cole, a professor at Georgetown University School of Law, is one of the attorneys on the case.[16][17]

On November 3, 2009 The Center for Constitutional Rights announced that the six Metropolitan Detention Center plaintiffs had settled their claims against the United States for 1.26 million dollars.

See also[edit]
List of class action lawsuits
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Alan Feuer (2007-04-13). "11 Jail Guards Are Indicted in 2 Beatings in Brooklyn". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Nina Bernstein (2007-04-03). "Relatives of Interned Japanese-Americans Side With Muslims". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Nina Bernstein (2006-04-03). "9/11 Detainees in New Jersey Say They Were Abused With Dogs". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Linda Greenhouse (2008-06-14). "Court to Hear Challenge From Muslims Held After 9/11". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Alan Feuer (2007-10-26). "High-Ranking Jail Officer Is Convicted of Conspiracy in Beating". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Linda Greenhouse (2008-06-17). "U.S. Supreme Court to hear challenges from Muslim detainees". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Nina Bernstein (2006-05-15). "Judge Rules That U.S. Has Broad Powers to Detain Noncitizens Indefinitely". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ William Wetmore (2008-02-05). "Hijacking the Privilege: Balancing Fairness and Security When Warrantless Wiretapping Threatens Attorney-Client Communications" (PDF). J.D. thesis George Washington University Law School. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Daphne Eviator (2009-05-19). "Supreme Court Detainee Decision May Not Block Suits Against Top Officials: Souter Leads Dissent in Tightly Decided Case". Washington Independent. Retrieved 2009-10-23. Rachel Meeropol, a lawyer at the Center for Constitutional Rights who is representing former prisoners making very similar claims in another case, Turkmen v. Ashcroft, said that because the district court allowed her case to move forward, “we have all of that information that shows high-level official involvement in the practices we’ve complained of.”
Jump up ^ Peter Jan Honigsberg (2009-05-19). Our Nation Unhinged: The Human Consequences of the War on Terror. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25472-5. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Stephanie Bangarth (2008-07-01). Voices Raised in Protest: Defending North American Citizens of Japanese Ancestry, 1942-49. Ubc Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1416-4. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ Anna Stolley Persky (2008-12). "9/11 Fallout: The Next Round -- N.Y. detainee says attorney general, FBI director to blame for prison beatings". ABA Journal. Retrieved 2009-10-23. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Iqbal’s case could affect a number of other suits filed over the post-Sept. 11 response. Turkmen v. Ashcroft, a class action on behalf of Muslim, South Asian and Arab noncitizens, is awaiting a ruling from the 2nd Circuit. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ David Cole (2002-12-09). "In Aid of Removal: Due Process Limits on Immigration Detention". Emory Law Journal. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ David Cole (2006-07-26). "The Idea of Humanity: Human Rights and Immigrants' Rights" 37 (3). Columbia Human Rights Law Review. pp. 627–658. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ K Fischer (2008-02-15). "Panel Skeptical of Officials' Critics in 9/11 Detentions". New York Law Journal. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ "David D. Cole: Professor of Law". Georgetown University. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
Jump up ^ David Cole (2009-05-21). "Out of the Shadows: Preventive Detention, Suspected Terrorists, and War". California Law Review. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
External links[edit]
Turkmen v. Ashcroft at the Center for Constitutional Rights website
Categories: Counter-terrorism policy of the United StatesClass action lawsuitsOngoing legal cases
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Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad (2010)
Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad (born 4 April 1939 in Grue) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. She was Minister of Local Government and Regional Development (Norway) from 1997-1999.[1]

References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Haarstad, Ragnhild Queseth ( 1939- )" (in Norwegian). Stortinget.no. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
Political offices
Preceded by
Kjell Opseth Norwegian Minister of Local Government and Regional Development
1996–1997 Succeeded by
Odd Roger Enoksen
[hide] v t e
Minister of Local Government and Modernisation (Norway)
Olsen (1948–58) Cappelen (1958–63) Skogly (1963) Lyngstad (1963) Haugland (1963–65) Seip (1965–70) Rognlien (1970–71) Nordli (1971–72) Skipnes (1972–73) Aune (1973–78) Nilsen (1978–79) Valle (1979–80) Andreassen (1980–81) Rettedal (1981–86) Haraldseth (1986–87) Engseth (1987–88) Borgen (1988–89) Rettedal (1989–90) Borgen (1990–92) Berge (1992–96) Opseth (1996–97) Queseth Haarstad (1997–99) Enoksen (1999–2000) Brustad (2000–01) Solberg (2001–05) Haga (2005–07) Kleppa (2007–09) Navarsete (2009–13) Sanner (2013–)


Flag of NorwayPolitician icon This article about a Norwegian politician born in the 1930s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 1939 birthsLiving peoplePeople from Grue, NorwayNorwegian politiciansMinisters of Local Government and Modernisation of NorwayCentre Party (Norway) politiciansNorwegian women in politicsMembers of the Parliament of NorwayNorwegian politician, 1930s birth stubs
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Kearney, Missouri
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City of Kearney
City
Location of Kearney within Missouri
Location of Kearney within Missouri
Coordinates: 39°21′57″N 94°21′37″WCoordinates: 39°21′57″N 94°21′37″W
Country United States
State Missouri
County Clay
Settled 1856
Incorporated 1869
Government
• Mayor Bill Dane
Area[1]
• Total 12.92 sq mi (33.46 km2)
• Land 12.91 sq mi (33.44 km2)
• Water 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)
Elevation 856 ft (261 m)
Population (2010)[2]
• Total 8,381
• Estimate (2012[3]) 8,846
• Density 649.2/sq mi (250.7/km2)
Time zone Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code 64060
Area code(s) 816
FIPS code 29-38072[4]
GNIS feature ID 0730123[5]
Website http://www.ci.kearney.mo.us
Kearney /ˈkɑrni/ is a city in Clay County, Missouri, United States. The population per the 2010 U.S. Census was 8,381. It is most famous for being the birthplace of Jesse James, and there is an annual festival in the third weekend of September to recognize the notorious outlaw.[6]

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Geography
3 Demographics
3.1 2010 census
3.2 2000 census
4 Jesse James
5 Schools
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Kearney was unofficially founded in the spring of 1856 by David T. Duncan and W. R. Cave, and was originally called Centerville. Centerville was composed of what is now the southeastern portion of the town. In 1867, John Lawrence began laying out plans for another small settlement around the newly established Kansas City and Cameron Railroad subsidiary of the Hannibal and Saint Joseph Railroad which was to build the Hannibal Bridge establishing Kansas City, Missouri as the dominant city in the region. The president of the railroad was Charles E. Kearney (although there is speculation that it was named after Kearney, Nebraska). The railroad still operates as the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. As they grew, the two settlements of Centerville and Kearney were effectively merged, and the town of Kearney, Missouri was officially incorporated in 1869.[7]

Geography[edit]
Kearney is located at 39°21′57″N 94°21′37″W (39.365845, -94.360239).[8] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.92 square miles (33.46 km2), of which, 12.91 square miles (33.44 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) is water.[1]

Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1870 396 —
1880 464 17.2%
1890 588 26.7%
1900 621 5.6%
1910 631 1.6%
1920 625 −1.0%
1930 523 −16.3%
1940 543 3.8%
1950 570 5.0%
1960 678 18.9%
1970 984 45.1%
1980 1,433 45.6%
1990 1,790 24.9%
2000 5,472 205.7%
2010 8,381 53.2%
Est. 2014 9,261 [9] 10.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
2010 census[edit]
As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 8,381 people, 2,978 households, and 2,270 families residing in the city. The population density was 649.2 inhabitants per square mile (250.7/km2). There were 3,120 housing units at an average density of 241.7 per square mile (93.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.

There were 2,978 households of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.8% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.23.

The median age in the city was 33.2 years. 32% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.6% were from 25 to 44; 21.4% were from 45 to 64; and 9.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census[edit]
As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 5,472 people, 1,910 households, and 1,495 families residing in the city. The population density was 833.2 people per square mile (321.6/km²). There were 1,995 housing units at an average density of 303.8 per square mile (117.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.3% White, 0.90% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 1,910 households out of which 49.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.7% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the city the population was spread out with 33.6% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $56,603, and the median income for a family was $64,540. Males had a median income of $45,721 versus $26,739 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,147. About 1.8% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.

Jesse James[edit]

Jesse James's Farm
On September 5, 1847, Jesse James was born on the James farm, where his family resided to the northeast of the site where Kearney would eventually be established. James formed the infamous James-Younger gang in 1866, which operated until the Younger brothers were captured in 1876. James formed a new gang in 1879 and continued until his death on April 3, 1882, when he was shot by fellow gang-member Robert Ford. He was buried on his farm, but now rests in Mt Olivet Cemetery in Kearney.[11]

Schools[edit]
Kearney High School
Kearney Junior High
Kearney Middle School
Dogwood Elementary
Hawthorne Elementary
Kearney Elementary
Southview Elementary
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
Jump up ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "History". Jesse James Festival. 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2009-11-30.[dead link]
Jump up ^ "About Kearney Missouri". The City of Kearney, Missouri. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
Jump up ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Presumptive Remains of Jesse James" (PDF). Journal of Forensic Science. 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
External links[edit]
Official website of City of Kearney
Information on the Jesse James Festival and History of Kearney
Official website of the Kearney Amphitheater
City of Kearney Missouri
Kearney R-1 School District
Historic maps of Kearney in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection at the University of Missouri
[show] v t e
Kansas City metropolitan area's cities and counties
[show] v t e
State of Missouri
[show] v t e
Municipalities and communities of Clay County, Missouri, United States
Categories: Cities in Clay County, MissouriPopulated places established in 1856
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Novoburassky District
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Novoburassky District
Новобурасский район (Russian)
Novoburassky district locator map.svg
Location of Novoburassky District in Saratov Oblast
Coordinates: 52°07′51″N 46°04′44″ECoordinates: 52°07′51″N 46°04′44″E
Coat of Arms of Novoburassky rayon (Saratov oblast).png
Coat of arms
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject Saratov Oblast[1]
Administrative structure (as of 2011)
Administrative center work settlement of Novye Burasy[2]
Inhabited localities:[2]
Urban-type settlements 1
Rural localities 37
Municipal structure (as of April 2013)
Municipally incorporated as Novoburassky Municipal District[3]
Municipal divisions:[4]
Urban settlements 1
Rural settlements 4
Statistics
Area 1,700 km2 (660 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2010 Census) 16,359 inhabitants[5]
• Urban 35.9%
• Rural 64.1%
Density 9.62/km2 (24.9/sq mi)[6]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[7]
Official website
Novoburassky District on WikiCommons
Novoburassky District (Russian: Новобурасский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[3] district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,700 square kilometers (660 sq mi).[citation needed] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Novye Burasy.[2] Population: 16,359 (2010 Census);[5] 18,188 (2002 Census);[8] 16,703 (1989 Census).[9] The population of Novye Burasy accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.[5]

References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Charter of Saratov Oblast
^ Jump up to: a b c Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 63 229», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 63 229, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
^ Jump up to: a b Law #78-ZSO
Jump up ^ Law #95-ZSO
^ Jump up to: a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
Jump up ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
Jump up ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
Sources[edit]
Саратовская областная Дума. Закон №46-ЗСО от 2 июня 2005 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Саратовской области», в ред. Закона №54-ЗСО от 28 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Саратовской области». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Неделя области", Спецвыпуск, №38 (156), 4 июня 2005 г. (Saratov Oblast Duma. Law #46-ZSO of June 2, 2005 Charter (Basic Law) of Saratov Oblast, as amended by the Law #54-ZSO of April 28, 2015 On Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Saratov Oblast. Effective as of after the official publication.).
Саратовская областная Дума. Закон №78-ЗСО от 23 декабря 2004 г «О муниципальных районах». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Саратов — столица Поволжья", №267–268 (1218–1219), 29 декабря 2004 г. (Saratov Oblast Duma. Law #78-ZSO of December 23, 2004 On the Municipal Districts. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
Саратовская областная Дума. Закон №95-ЗСО от 27 декабря 2004 г «О муниципальных образованиях, входящих в состав Новобурасского муниципального района», в ред. Закона №68-ЗСО от 24 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании Аряшского и Тепловского муниципальных образований Новобурасского муниципального района Саратовской области и о внесении изменений в Закон Саратовской области "О муниципальных образованиях, входящих в состав Новобурасского муниципального района"». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Саратов — столица Поволжья", №4–5 (1227–1228), 14 января 2005 г. (Saratov Oblast Duma. Law #95-ZSO of December 27, 2004 On the Municipal Formations Constituting Novoburassky Municipal District, as amended by the Law #68-ZSO of April 24, 2013 On the Transformation of Aryashskoye and Teplovskoye Municipal Formations of Novoburassky Municipal District of Saratov Oblast and on Amending the Law of Saratov Oblast "On the Municipal Formations Constituting Novoburassky Municipal District". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
[hide] v t e
Administrative divisions of Saratov Oblast
Administrative center: Saratov
Coat of arms of Saratov Oblast
Cities and towns
Arkadak Atkarsk Balakovo Balashov Engels Kalininsk Khvalynsk Krasnoarmeysk Krasny Kut Marks Novouzensk Petrovsk Pugachyov Rtishchevo Saratov Shikhany Volsk Yershov
Flag of Saratov Oblast
Closed administrative-territorial formations
Mikhaylovsky Shikhany Svetly
Districts
Alexandrovo-Gaysky Arkadaksky Atkarsky Balakovsky Balashovsky Baltaysky Bazarno-Karabulaksky Dergachyovsky Dukhovnitsky Engelssky Fyodorovsky Ivanteyevsky Kalininsky Khvalynsky Krasnoarmeysky Krasnokutsky Krasnopartizansky Lysogorsky Marksovsky Novoburassky Novouzensky Ozinsky Perelyubsky Petrovsky Pitersky Pugachyovsky Romanovsky Rovensky Rtishchevsky Samoylovsky Saratovsky Sovetsky Tatishchevsky Turkovsky Volsky Voskresensky Yekaterinovsky Yershovsky
Categories: Districts of Saratov Oblast
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Arkansas Highway 266
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Highway 266 marker
Highway 266
Route information
Maintained by AHTD
Length: 0.87 mi[1] (1.40 km)
Major junctions
West end: US 64 / US 65B
East end: Rummer Rd
Highway system
Arkansas Highway System
Interstate US State
Business Spurs Scenic Heritage Trails
← AR 265 AR 267 →
Arkansas Highway 266 (AR 266 and Hwy. 266) is an east–west state highway in Faulkner County, Arkansas. The route of 0.87 miles (1.40 km) runs from U.S. Route 65 Business and U.S. Route 64 in Conway east to Siebenmorgen Road.[2]

Route description[edit]
Located entirely in Faulkner County, its west terminus was at an intersection with U.S. Route 65 Business and U.S. Route 64 in Conway at a roundabout near the entrance to Hendrix College. The route then proceeds east before ending at the Arkansas Human Development Center and continuing on as Siebenmorgen Road.[3]

Major intersections[edit]
The entire route is in Conway, Faulkner County.

mi[1] km Destinations Notes
0.00 0.00 US 64 / US 65B (Harkrider Street) western terminus
0.87 1.40 Siebenmorgen Road eastern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Planning and Research Division (2010). "Arkansas Road Log Database" (Database). Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ General Highway Map (PDF) (Map) (Faulkner County ed.). Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ State Highway Map (Map) (2007 ed.). Arkansas State Highways and Transportation Department. Conway inset.


Stub icon This Arkansas road-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: State highways in ArkansasTransportation in Faulkner County, ArkansasArkansas road stubs
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Don't Let Go the Coat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Don't Let Go the Coat"

Single by The Who
from the album Face Dances
B-side "You"
Released 5 May 1981
Format 7"
Recorded 1980
Genre Rock, art rock
Length 3:44
Label Warner Bros. (US)/Polydor (UK)
Writer(s) Pete Townshend
Producer(s) Bill Szymczyk
The Who singles chronology
"You Better You Bet"
(1981) "Don't Let Go the Coat"
(1981) "Athena"
(1982)
"Don't Let Go the Coat" is a song written by Pete Townshend and first released on The Who's 1981 album Face Dances.

It was released as a single following up on the first single from Face Dances, "You Better You Bet", but did not achieve the same success, reaching number 47 in the UK and number 84 in the US.[1][2][3] It has also been released on several compilation albums, and Pete Townshend himself released an alternate version of the song on his album Another Scoop.[4][5]

Contents [hide]
1 Music and lyrics
2 Other releases
3 Charts
4 References
Music and lyrics[edit]
Several authors, including Stephen Thomas Erlewine, regard the lyrics of "Don't Let Go the Coat" as an ode to spiritual guru Meher Baba.[3][6][7][8] The title then refers to Meher Baba's charge that his disciples "hang fast to the hem of my robe," where the robe is a metaphor for his teachings.[7][9] Alternatively, the song could refer to Pete Townshend's parents, who were the ones who would pick him up when Pete Townshend descended into drugs and alcohol.[8] But regardless, the song strikes themes of spiritual torment, fear of abandonment and the need to keep faith, beginning with the lines:[8]

I can't be held responsible for blown behavior
I've lost all contact with my only saviour
Musically, "Don't Let Go the Coat" has a country rock flavor.[8] Authors Steve Grantley and Alan Parker describe the guitar sound as being similar to that of The Pretenders, and note that the Pete Townshend's guitar solo has Spanish inflections.[8] John Atkins acknowledges that the song is melodic, but claims that it is bland and notes that it has less energy than "You Better You Bet".[3] Grantley and Parker, while praising the "pristine production" by Bill Szymczyk, note that the song "never really gets out of first gear."[8] Chris Charlesworth asserts that lead singer Roger Daltrey's bravado is ill-suited to the song's confession of inadequacy and unworthiness.[7] Erlewine, however, claims that "Don't Let Go the Coat" is "one of [Townshend's] better odes to Meher Baba."[6]

Other releases[edit]
"Don't Let Go the Coat" was included on The Ultimate Collection compilation album in some countries in 2002.[10] A promotional video of the song appeared on Who's Better, Who's Best: The Videos in 1988.[11] A live video performance from 1981 was included on the DVD set Thirty Years of Maximum R&B Live.[12] Townshend released a version of "Don't Let Go the Coat," with himself on lead vocal, on his 1987 album Another Scoop. SPIN Magazine favorably contrasted this version with that of The Who, noting in particular Townshend's "newfound rock exuberance."[13]

Charts[edit]
Chart (1981) Peak position
UK Singles Chart 47[1]
US Billboard Hot 100 84[2]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Charts: The Who". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Face Dances Charts and Awards". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c Atkins, J. (2000). The Who on record: a critical history, 1963-1998. McFarland. pp. 255, 259. ISBN 978-0-7864-0609-8.
Jump up ^ "Don't Let Go the Coat". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, S.T.. "Another Scoop". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b Erlewine, S.T.. "Face Dances". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c Charlesworth, C. (1995). The Complete Guide to the Music of The Who. Omnibus Press. p. 87. ISBN 0-7119-4306-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Grantley, S. & Parker, A.G. (2010). The Who by Numbers. Helter Skelter Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-905139-26-2.
Jump up ^ Smith, L.D. (2010). Pete Townshend: the minstrel's dilemma. University of California. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-275-96472-6.
Jump up ^ "Ultimate Collection [Australia Bonus Tracks]". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
Jump up ^ Eder, B. "Who's Better, Who's Best: The Videos". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Thirty Years of Maximum R&B Live". Allmusic. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
Jump up ^ Burr, T. (July 1987). "Pete Townshend: Another Scoop". SPIN Magazine. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
[show] v t e
Face Dances
[show] v t e
The Who singles discography
Categories: The Who songs1981 singlesSongs written by Pete TownshendSong recordings produced by Bill SzymczykPete Townshend songsWarner Bros. Records singles
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Vitivirus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vitivirus
Virus classification
Group: Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order: Tymovirales
Family: Betaflexiviridae
Genus: Vitivirus
Type Species
Grapevine virus A
Vitivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Betaflexiviridae.[1][2] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently nine species in this genus including the type species Grapevine virus A.[1][3]

Contents [hide]
1 Taxonomy
2 Structure
3 Life Cycle
4 References
5 External Links
Taxonomy[edit]
Group: ssRNA(+)

Order: Tymovirales[show]
[1]

Structure[edit]
Viruses in Vitivirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12 nm. Genomes are linear, around 7.6kb in length. The genome codes for 5 proteins.[3]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic Arrangement Genomic Segmentation
Vitivirus Filamentous Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Life Cycle[edit]
Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (mechanical inoculation pseudococcid mealybugs and aphids). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.[3]

Genus Host Details Tissue Tropism Entry Details Release Details Replication Site Assembly Site Transmission
Vitivirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical innoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Complete genome sequence of a novel vitivirus isolated from grapevine. Al Rwahnih M, Sudarshana MR, Uyemoto JK and Rowhani A, J Virol., September 2012, volume 86, issue 17, page 9545, doi:10.1128/JVI.01444-12
^ Jump up to: a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
External Links[edit]
Viralzone: Vitivirus
ICTV
UniProt Taxonomy
[show] v t e
Baltimore (virus classification)
Categories: BetaflexiviridaeTymovirales
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Fratria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fratria's logo.
Fratria (Russian: Фратрия, [1] means "brotherhood" in Latin) is the largest organisation of FC Spartak Moscow supporters.[2] It is responsible for organized voice and banner support during Spartak's matches both home (stand "B" of Luzhniki Stadium) and away.

References[edit]
Jump up ^ Article on Sovsport.ru
Jump up ^ Yury Butnev (2007-03-12). "Dynamo vs. Spartak 0-1" (in Russian). Sport-Express. Retrieved 2007-03-27.


[hide] v t e
FC Spartak Moscow
Main topics
FC Spartak Moscow Players (List of players) Managers Matches Fratria Nikolai Starostin (founder)
Derbies
Main Moscow derby Oldest Russian derby Spartak Moscow–Dynamo Kyiv rivalry
Matches
2004 Russian Super Cup 2006 Russian Super Cup 2007 Russian Super Cup
Stadiums
Luzhniki Stadium 1982 Luzhniki disaster Otkrytiye Arena
Seasons
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15
Other sports
Spartak (sports society) HC Spartak Moscow Spartak Tennis Club


Stub icon This association football article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Association football supporters' associationsUltras groupsFC Spartak MoscowAssociation football stubs
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Jack Rice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jack Rice
Born May 14, 1893
Michigan, U.S.
Died December 14, 1968 (aged 75)
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation Actor
Years active 1933-1963
Jack Rice (May 14, 1893 – December 14, 1968) was an American actor best known for appearing as the scrounging, freeloading brother-in-law in Edgar Kennedy's series of short domestic comedy films at the RKO studio, and also as "Ollie" in around a dozen of Columbia Pictures's series of the Blondie comic strip.

Born in Michigan, Rice first appeared in films in 1933 and played roles in many shorts, feature films and TV. A versatile character actor with an extenisve resume both in motion pictures and television, Rice appeared in the films Son of Flubber (1963), That Touch of Mink (1962), Ransom!" (1956), The Spirit of 1976 (1935), "The Pride of St. Louis (1952), Blondie's Big Deal (1949), Little Orphan Annie (1938), Walking on Air (1936), The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock (1959) and in the television programs, Bonanza, Checkmate and I Love Lucy.

Selected filmography[edit]
Flying Down to Rio (1933)
Dummy Ache (1936)
Swing Time (1936)
Stage Door (1937)
Shall We Dance (1937)
Twelve Crowded Hours (1939)
Foreign Correspondent (1940)
Hat Check Honey (1944)
San Diego, I Love You (1944)
The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
Her Husband's Affairs (1947)
The Pilgrim Lady (1947)
Crashing Las Vegas (1956)
That Touch of Mink (1962)
Son of Flubber (1963)
External links[edit]
Jack Rice at the Internet Movie Database
Jack Rice at Find a Grave
Authority control
VIAF: 63225963


Stub icon This article about a United States film actor or actress born in the 1890s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 1893 births1968 deathsMale actors from MichiganAmerican male film actorsAmerican male television actorsCancer deaths in California20th-century American male actorsAmerican film actor, 1890s birth stubs
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Francis Herbert Wenham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

F.H. Wenham in 1866
Francis Herbert Wenham (1824, Kensington – 1908) was a British marine engineer who studied the problem of manned flight and wrote a perceptive and influential academic paper which he presented to the first meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society in London in 1866.

Wenham's report, "Aerial Locomotion," was published in the Society's journal and reprinted in widely distributed aeronautical publications in the 1890s, including Octave Chanute's "Progress In Flying Machines". The paper introduced the idea of superposed wings in a flying machine, a concept Wenham tested in 1858 with a multiwing glider, although it did not actually fly. In 1866 he patented the design, which became the basis for biplanes, triplanes and multiplanes that took to the air as gliders in the 1890s, and as airplanes in the early decades of the 20th century. Superposed wings increased the lifting area and avoided the structural problems of excessive wing length. According to some sources John Stringfellow was influenced by Wenham's works or possibly even by his personal communication when creating his steam engine triplane model aircraft which was demonstrated publicly on the international exhibition in the Crystal Palace in 1868.[1][2]

Wenham first tested superposed wings in 1866 with a model that resembled a Venetian blind. Several variants were attempted with some success, so Wenham decided to build a machine which could support a man. He tested it in the evening in a strong breeze. He was taken by surprise however, when, as he wrote, "A sudden gust caught up the experimenter, who was carried some distance from the ground".[3] A monoplane attempt that same year was inconsequential (Flying Machines, 1911).

In 1871 Wenham and colleague John Browning designed and constructed what was probably the world's first wind tunnel. Their experiments showed that high aspect ratio wings—long and narrow—had a better lift-to-drag ratio than short stubby wings with the same lifting area. Writing about his work, Wenham may have been the first scientist to use the word "aeroplane".[4]

Aviation writer Carroll Gray says Wenham's work may have been an important influence on the Wright brothers:

It is striking to note that at least four significant aerial vehicle design elements suggested by Wenham in 1866 can be seen on the series of successful Wright gliders and on the 1903 Wright Flyer: 1) superimposed wings, 2) vertical upright supports between the superimposed wings, 3) the prone position of the operator, as in Wenham's design with superimposed wings, and 4) that turning in flight ought be accomplished by means of generating more lift on one side of the aerial vehicle than on the other, rather than through the use of a simple rudder. It is also important to restate that Wenham's paper "Aerial Locomotion" was readily available to Wilbur Wright (as well as to Orville) in the 1895 "Aeronautical Annual"[5] which the Smithsonian Institution recommended to Wilbur Wright in June 1899 (along with other aeronautical reading material), and which he soon thereafter obtained and read.[6]

Aeronautics was Wenham's "spare time" pursuit. In his regular career he designed marine engines, ship's propellers, gas and hot air engines, and high pressure boilers.

Wenham was also highly skilled in the use of microscopes. He published many papers on the subject and designed stands, objective lenses and prisms, fabricating some of the latter himself.

Wenham was the son of a British army surgeon.

See also[edit]
John Browning (scientific instrument maker)
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Flying Machines
Jump up ^ Авиация в России (к столетию отечественного самолётостроения), Москва, 1983
Jump up ^ Aviation Pioneers: An Anthology
Jump up ^ "Francis Wenham" in Armchair World
Jump up ^ Three of these journals were published in the U.S. in the mid-1890s by James Means.
Jump up ^ Flying Machines
External links[edit]
Flying Machines
Aviation Pioneers: An Anthology
Authority control
VIAF: 43346152
Categories: 1824 births1908 deathsAviation pioneersAviation inventors19th-century aviation
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Pilatus P-5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
P-5
Pilatus P-5.jpeg
Sketch of the Pilatus P-5
Role two-seat artillery observation aircraft
National origin Switzerland
Manufacturer Pilatus Aircraft
Number built 0
The Pilatus P-5 was a single-engined artillery observation aircraft project from Pilatus Aircraft in Switzerland.[1]

Contents [hide]
1 Design and development
2 Specifications (P-5 estimated)
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Design and development[edit]
External images
Pilatus P-5
Pilatus P-5
The first drawings for the Pilatus P-5 were made in 1951. The client was the Federal Military Department (EMD). The main purpose for the P-5 was for artillery observation. It was a single-engine, two-seat high-wing monoplane with fixed wheels. The aircraft frame was intended to be built out of tubular steel and skinned with metal. The main wings and tail were intended to be made from an alloy, not steel. This aircraft had fixed wing with slats and flaps fitted on to them. The pilot and observer were seated in a generously glazed cabin that had exceptionally good visibility in all directions. This view was due mainly to the curved sides which allowed the aircrew to look almost straight down. This P-5 design was abandoned in 1951 and no prototype aircraft were ever built.[2]

Specifications (P-5 estimated)[edit]
Data from Pilatus Flugzeuge: 1939–1989[2]
General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
Height: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
Empty weight: 860 kg (1,896 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Walter Minor 6-III V-8 inverted air-cooled piston engine, 120 kW (160 hp)
Performance

Maximum speed: 190 km/h (118 mph; 103 kn)
Landing speed: 53 km/h (33 mph; 29 kn)
Service ceiling: 4,800 m (15,748 ft)
Rate of climb: 6 m/s (1,200 ft/min)
Take off distance: 65 m (213 ft)
Landing distance: 50 m (164 ft)
See also[edit]
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Miles Master
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Pilatus Chronik (PDF) (in German). Stans: Pilatus. 2011. p. 1.
^ Jump up to: a b Eichenberger, Roland (1989). Pilatus Flugzeuge: 1939–1989 (in German). Stans: Pilatus Flugzeugwerk.
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pilatus Aircraft.
Eichenberger, Roland (1989). Pilatus Flugzeuge: 1939–1989 (in German). Stans: Pilatus Flugzeugwerk.
Pilatus Chronik (PDF) (in German). Stans: Pilatus. 2011. p. 1.
[hide] v t e
Pilatus aircraft
SB-2 P-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 P-5 PC-6 PC-7 PC-8 PC-9 PC-10 PC-11 PC-12 PC-21 PC-24
Categories: Pilatus aircraftAbandoned military aircraft projects of SwitzerlandSingle-engined tractor aircraftHigh-wing aircraft
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Сдохни мразь

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John Sharpless
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Sharpless is a member of the faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a former political candidate.

Contents [hide]
1 Biography
2 Academic career
3 Political career
4 References
Biography[edit]
Sharpless was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1945.[1] He went on to live in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Wayzata, Minnesota. Sharpless is a graduate of the University of Minnesota and the University of Michigan.[2]

Academic career[edit]
Sharpless began teaching at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1975. His specialties include social and economic history. From 1985 to 1986, Sharpless taught at the University of Papua New Guinea as part of the Fulbright Program.

Political career[edit]
Sharpless was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district in 2000.[3] He lost to incumbent Tammy Baldwin. Previously, he had been a candidate for the Republican nomination for the seat in 1998, losing to Josephine Musser.

References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sharpless, John". Our Campaigns.com. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
Jump up ^ "John Sharpless". University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Sharpless, John". Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
Categories: People from Milwaukee, WisconsinPeople from Minneapolis, MinnesotaPeople from Wayzata, MinnesotaUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison facultyUniversity of Papua New Guinea facultyWisconsin RepublicansCandidates in United States elections, 2000Candidates in United States elections, 1998University of Minnesota alumniUniversity of Michigan alumni1945 birthsLiving people
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Frida
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Frida (disambiguation).
For the Swedish singer, part of the group ABBA, known by the mononym Frida, see Anni-Frid Lyngstad.
Frida
Fridaposter.jpg
Promotional poster
Directed by Julie Taymor
Produced by Sarah Green
Salma Hayek
Jay Polstein
Lizz Speed
Nancy Hardin
Lindsay Flickinger
Roberto Sneider
Screenplay by Clancy Sigal
Diane Lake
Gregory Nava
Anna Thomas
Based on Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo
by Hayden Herrera
Starring Salma Hayek
Alfred Molina
Valeria Golino
Mia Maestro
Roger Rees
Geoffrey Rush
Music by Elliot Goldenthal
Cinematography Rodrigo Prieto
Edited by Françoise Bonnot
Production
company
Ventanarosa
Lions Gate Films
Distributed by Miramax Films
Release dates
August 29, 2002
Running time
123 minutes
Country United States[1]
Language English
Spanish
French
Russian
Budget $12 million
Box office $56.2 million[2]
Frida is a 2002 American biopic drama film which depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. It stars Salma Hayek in her Academy Award-nominated portrayal as Kahlo and Alfred Molina as her husband, Diego Rivera. The movie was adapted by Clancy Sigal, Diane Lake, Gregory Nava and Anna Thomas from the book Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo by Hayden Herrera. It was directed by Julie Taymor. It won two Academy Awards for Best Makeup and Best Original Score.

Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Allusions
4 Production
5 Release
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 Soundtrack
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Frida begins just before the traumatic accident Frida Kahlo (Salma Hayek) suffered at the age of 18 when a trolley bus collided with a motor bus she was riding. She is impaled by a metal pole and the injuries she sustained plague her for the rest of her life. To help her through convalescence, her father brings her a canvas upon which to start painting. Throughout the film, a scene starts as a painting, then slowly dissolves into a live-action scene with actors.

Frida also details the artist's dysfunctional relationship with the muralist Diego Rivera (Alfred Molina). When Rivera proposes to Kahlo, she tells him she expects from him loyalty if not fidelity. Diego's appraisal of her painting ability is one of the reasons that she continues to paint. Throughout the marriage, Rivera cheats on her with a wide array of women, while the bisexual Kahlo takes on male and female lovers, including in one case having an affair with the same woman as Rivera.

The two travel to New York City so that he may paint the mural Man at the Crossroads at the Rockefeller Center. While in the United States, Kahlo suffers a miscarriage, and her mother dies in Mexico. Rivera refuses to compromise his Communist vision of the work to the needs of the patron, Nelson Rockefeller (Edward Norton); as a result, the mural is destroyed. The pair return to Mexico, with Rivera the more reluctant of the two.

Kahlo's sister Cristina moves in with the two at their San Ángel studio home to work as Rivera's assistant. Soon afterward, Kahlo discovers that Rivera is having an affair with her sister. She leaves him, and subsequently sinks into alcoholism. The couple reunite when he asks her to welcome and house Leon Trotsky (Geoffrey Rush), who has been granted political asylum in Mexico. She and Trotsky begin an affair, which forces the married Trotsky to leave the safety of his Coyoacán home.

Kahlo leaves for Paris after Diego realizes she was unfaithful to him with Trotsky; although Rivera had little problem with Kahlo's other affairs, Trotsky was too important to Rivera to be intimately involved with his wife. When she returns to Mexico, he asks for a divorce. Soon afterwards, Trotsky is murdered in Mexico City. Rivera is temporarily a suspect, and Kahlo is incarcerated in his place when he is not found. Rivera helps get her released.

Kahlo has her toes removed when they become gangrenous. Rivera asks her to remarry him, and she agrees. Her health continues to worsen, including the amputation of a leg, and she ultimately dies after finally having a solo exhibition of her paintings in Mexico.

Cast[edit]
Salma Hayek as Frida Kahlo
Alfred Molina as Diego Rivera
Geoffrey Rush as Leon Trotsky
Mía Maestro as Cristina Kahlo
Ashley Judd as Tina Modotti
Antonio Banderas as David Alfaro Siqueiros
Edward Norton as Nelson Rockefeller
Amelia Zapata as Maid
Alejandro Usigli as Professor
Diego Luna as Alejandro Gonzalez Arias
Fermín Martínez as Painter on Bus
Loló Navarro as Nanny
Lucia Bravo as Auditorium Model
Margarita Sanz as Natalia Sedova
Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Matilde Kahlo
Roger Rees as Guillermo Kahlo
Valeria Golino as Lupe Marín
Omar Rodriguez as André Breton
Felipe Fulop as Jean Van Heijenoort
Saffron Burrows as Gracie
Chavela Vargas as La Pelona
Lila Downs as Tango Singer
Karine Plantadit-Bageot as Josephine Baker
Allusions[edit]
The passengers on the trolley Kahlo rides and that crashes with a bus are based on subjects in the painter's 1929 portrait, The Bus. The Brothers Quay-created stop motion animation sequence depicting the initial stages of Kahlo's recovery at the hospital after the trolley accident are inspired by the Mexican holiday Day of the Dead. The gown Valeria Golino wears at Kahlo's 1953 Mexican solo art exhibition is a replica of the dress her character Lupe Marín wore in Rivera's 1938 portrait of her.

Production[edit]

Director Julie Taymor with Elliot Goldenthal and Salma Hayek.
The film version of Frida Kahlo's life was initially championed by Nancy Hardin, a former book editor and Hollywood-based literary agent, turned early "female studio executive", who, in the mid-1980s wished to "make the transition to independent producing."[3] Learning of Hayden Herrara's biography of Kahlo, Hardin saw Kahlo's life as very contemporary, her "story... an emblematic tale for women torn between marriage and career."[3] Optioning the book in 1988, Hardin "tried to sell it as an epic love story in the tradition of Out of Africa, attracting tentative interest from actresses such as Meryl Streep and Jessica Lange, but receiving rejection from the film studios. As Kahlo's art gained prominence, however "in May, 1990 one of Kahlo's self-portraits sold at Sotheby's for $1.5 million, the highest price ever paid at auction for a Latin American painting."[3] Madonna "announced her plans to star in a film based on Frida's life", and Robert De Niro's Tribeca Productions reportedly "envisioned a joint biography of Rivera and Kahlo."[3] In the spring of 1991, director Luis Valdez began production on a New Line feature about Frida Kahlo starring Laura San Giacomo in the lead. San Giacomo's casting received objections due to her non-Hispanic ethnicity, and New Line complied with the protesters' demands, and left the then-titled Frida and Diego in August, 1992 citing finances.[3] Hardin's project found itself swamped by similar ones:

When I first tried to sell the project ... there was no interest because nobody had heard of Frida. A few years later, I heard the exact opposite – that there were too many Frida projects in development, and nobody wanted mine.[3]

Valdez was contacted early on by the – then unknown in the U.S. – Salma Hayek, who sent "her [promo] reel to the director and phoned his office", but was ultimately told she was then too young for the role.[4] By 1993, Valdez had retitled the film The Two Fridas with San Giacomo and Ofelia Medina both playing the portraitist.[5] Raúl Juliá was cast as Diego Rivera, but his death further delayed the movie. At the same time, Hardin approached HBO, and with "rising young development executive and producer" Lizz Speed (a former assistant to Sherry Lansing) intended to make a television movie, hopeful that Brian Gibson (director of "What's Love Got to Do With It, the story of Tina Turner" and The Josephine Baker Story) would direct.[3] Casting difficulties proved insurmountable, but Speed joined Hardin in advocating the project, and after four years in development, the two took the project from HBO to Trimark and producer Jay Polstein (with assistant Darlene Caamaño). At Trimark, Salma Hayek became interested in the role, having "been fascinated by Kahlo's work from the time she was 13 or 14" – although not immediately a fan:

“ At that age I did not like her work ... I found it ugly and grotesque. But something intrigued me, and the more I learned, the more I started to appreciate her work. There was a lot of passion and depth. Some people see only pain, but I also see irony and humor. I think what draws me to her is what Diego saw in her. She was a fighter. Many things could have diminished her spirit, like the accident or Diego's infidelities. But she wasn't crushed by anything.[3] ”
Hayek was so determined to play the role that she sought out Dolores Olmedo Patino, longtime-lover of Diego Rivera, and (after his death) administrator to the rights of Frida and Rivera's art, which Rivera had "willed ... to the Mexican people", bequeath[ing] the trust to Olmedo.[4] Salma Hayek personally secured access to Kahlo's paintings from her, and began to assemble a supporting cast, approaching Alfred Molina for the role of Rivera in 1998. According to Molina, "She turned up backstage [of the Broadway play 'Art'] rather sheepishly, and asked if I would like to play Diego". Molina went on to gain 35 pounds to play Rivera.[6] When producer Polstein left Trimark, however, the production faltered again, and Hayek approached Harvey Weinstein and Miramax, and the company purchased the film from Trimark; Julie Taymor came onto the project as Director. Meanwhile, in August 2000 it was announced that Jennifer Lopez would star in Valdez's take on the story, The Two Fridas, by then being produced by American Zoetrope.[7] Nonetheless, it was Hayek and Miramax who began production in Spring, 2001 on what was to become simply titled Frida.[4]

Release[edit]
On August 29, 2002, the film made its world premiere opening the Venice International Film Festival. Frida's American premiere was at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in Los Angeles on October 14 of that year. It had its Mexican premiere on November 8, 2002 at Mexico City's Palace of Fine Arts.

Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Frida was initially shown in five theaters and earned $205,996 upon its opening weekend in the United States.[8] The following week the film expanded to forty-seven theaters, earning $1,323,935.[9] By late December 2002, Frida was playing in 283 theaters and had earned over $20 million.[10] The film earned $56,298,474 in its worldwide total gross.[2]

Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 76% of 151 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 6.9 out of 10.[11] According to the site's summary of the critical consensus, "Frida is a passionate, visually striking biopic about the larger-than-life artist."[11] Metacritic, which assigns a score of 1–100 to individual film reviews, gives the film an average rating of 61 based on 38 reviews.[12] Stella Papamichael from the BBC gave the film three out of five stars and stated "Julie Taymor's biography of Mexican painter Frida

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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René Amengual
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (May 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. [show]

René Amengual
René Amengual Astaburuaga (1911–1954) was a Chilean composer, educator and pianist. He is the author of the University of Chile hymn.

Notoriety[edit]
In 1953 his work Sextet was selected for the Festival of Contemporary Music ISCM held in Oslo, Norway.

Authority control
WorldCat VIAF: 31550522 LCCN: no88001625 ISNI: 0000 0000 4343 5953 GND: 1056258535


Stub icon This article on a Chilean composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 1911 births1954 deathsChilean composersMale composersChilean educatorsChilean pianistsPeople from Santiago20th-century pianists20th-century composersSouth American composer stubsChilean musician stubs
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Calaveras County Arts Council
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Calaveras County Arts Council is the official Calaveras County, California, USA arts council.

Mission: "To Support, Nourish and Awaken the Arts in our Community."

The Calaveras County Arts Council runs under the California state arts council, the California Arts Council (CAC).

Arts Council Gallery[edit]
The Calaveras County Arts Council runs an art gallery open to the public.

External links[edit]
Calaveras County Arts Council website
Categories: Arts councils of CaliforniaCalaveras County, California
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Agrius convolvuli
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Agrius convolvuli
Agrius convolvuli MHNT dos.jpg
Agrius convolvuli ♂ MHNT
Agrius convolvuli MHNT ventre.jpg
Agrius convolvuli ♂ △ MHNT
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Sphingidae
Genus: Agrius
Species: A. convolvuli
Binomial name
Agrius convolvuli
(Linnaeus, 1758)[1]
Synonyms
Sphinx convolvuli Linnaeus, 1758
Herse convolvuli
Protoparce orientalis Butler, 1876
Sphinx abadonna Fabricius, 1798
Sphinx distans Butler, 1874
Sphinx patatas Ménétriés, 1857
Sphinx pseudoconvolvuli Schaufuss, 1870
Sphinx roseafasciata Koch, 1865
Sphinx convolvuli alicea Neuburger, 1899
Sphinx convolvuli batatae Christ, 1882
Sphinx convolvuli nigricans Cannaviello, 1900
Agrius convolvuli aksuensis O. Bang-Haas, 1927
Agrius convolvuli fuscosignata Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli grisea Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli ichangensis Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli intermedia Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli javanensis Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli major Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli minor Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli obscura Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli suffusa Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli tahitiensis Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli unicolor Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli variegata Tutt, 1904
Agrius convolvuli virgata Tutt, 1904
Herse convolvuli extincta Gehlen, 1928
Herse convolvuli marshallensis Clark, 1922
Herse convolvuli peitaihoensis Clark, 1922
Herse convolvuli posticoconflua Bryk, 1946
Protoparce convolvuli fasciata Pillich, 1909
Protoparce convolvuli indica Skell, 1913

Distribution map
The Convolvulus Hawk-moth, Agrius convolvuli, is a large hawkmoth. It is common throughout Europe, Africa[2] and Australia.[3] partly as a migrant.

Contents [hide]
1 Description and habits
2 Similar species
3 Gallery
4 References
5 External links
Description and habits[edit]
The wingspan is 80–105 mm. This hawkmoth's basic coloration is in grayish tones, but the abdomen has a broad gray dorsal stripe and pink and black bands edged with white on the sides. The hindwings are light grey with darker broad crosslines.

Its favorite time is around sunset and during the twilight, when it is seen in gardens hovering over the flowers. This moth is very attracted to the lights, so it is often smashed by cars in highways. Its caterpillars eat the leaves of the Convolvulus, therefore its Latin name "convolvuli". Other recorded foodplant include a wide range of plants in the Araceae, Convolvulaceae, Leguminosae and Malvaceae families. It can be a pest of cultivated Ipomoea. It feeds on the wing and has a very long proboscis (longer than its body) that enables it to feed on long trumpet like flowers such as Nicotiana sylvestris.[4]

The caterpillars can be in a number of different colours. As well as brown (pictured below) they have been seen in bright green and black.

Similar species[edit]
A. convulvuli is unmistakable in the eastern area of distribution, in the western area of distribution it can be mistaken for Agrius cingulatus. This species, found mainly in South and Central America is repeatedly detected on the western shores of Europe. Agrius cingulatus can be distinguished on the basis of the clearly stronger pink coloring of the abdominal segments and a similarly colored rear wing base.In addition, Agrius convolvuli forma pseudoconvolvuli Schaufuss, 1870 has some resemblance with North American species the genus Manduca, for instance Manduca sexta.

Gallery[edit]

Agrius convoluli variation


Larva of Agrius convolvuli


Pupa of Agrius convolvuli
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience - Sphingidae". Cate-sphingidae.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
Jump up ^ "JSTOR: Lepidoptera". Links.jstor.org. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Ozanimals". Ozanimals. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
Jump up ^ Michael Chinery, Collins Guide to the Insects of Great Britain and Western Europe
External links[edit]
Description in Richard South The Moths of the British Isles
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agrius convolvuli.


Stub icon This Sphinginae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Agrius (moth)Moths described in 1758Moths of EuropeMoths of AfricaMoths of ComorosMoths of IcelandMoths of JapanMoths of MadagascarMoths of MauritiusMoths of New ZealandMoths of RéunionMoths of SeychellesMoths of TurkeyMoths of the Middle EastSphinginae stubs
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Ubemisaki Station
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ubemisaki Station (宇部岬駅 Ubemisaki-eki?) is a train station in Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

Lines[edit]
West Japan Railway Company
Ube Line
Layout[edit]
[icon] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2008)
Adjacent stations[edit]
« Service »
JR West
Ube Line
Tokonami Rapid Higashi-Shinkawa
Kusae Local Higashi-Shinkawa
[hide] v t e
Stations of the West Japan Railway Company Ube Line
Shin-Yamaguchi Kami-Kagawa Fukamizo Suō-Sayama Iwakura Ajisu Kiwa Maruo Tokonami Tokiwa Kusae Ubemisaki Higashi-Shinkawa Kotoshiba Ube-Shinkawa Inō Iwahana (Kiwanami Signal Box) Ube
Old Line (Abandoned in 1952) Ube Fujimagari Iwahana
Freight Branch Line (Old Onoda Line, Abandoned in 2006) Inō Ubekō Freight Branch Line (Old Onoda Branch Line, Abandoned in 1961) Ubekō Okinoyamashinkō

Coordinates: 33.9356°N 131.2616°E



Stub icon This Yamaguchi Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Stations of West Japan Railway CompanyRailway stations in Yamaguchi PrefectureYamaguchi Prefecture railway station stubs
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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ABC Symphony Australia Young Performers Awards
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ABC Symphony Australia Young Performers Awards is the current name of a classical music competition for young people that has been run annually since 1944. It is generally considered the most prestigious Australian classical music competition not restricted to a single instrument.

It is conducted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in conjunction with Symphony Australia (a trading name of Symphony Services Australia Limited, a non-profit arts organisation that operates both domestically and internationally).

Contents [hide]
1 Names
2 Format
3 Notable competitors
4 References
5 External links
Names[edit]
The competition has had a number of names throughout its history. [1]

It was founded in 1944 by the then Australian Broadcasting Commission as a set of six state-based competitions.
In 1950 it was given the name ABC Concerto and Vocal Competition.
In 1968 it became known as the ABC Instrumental and Vocal competition.
In 1987 it was renamed the ABC Young Performers Awards.
In 1997 the Concerts Division of the ABC devolved to become Symphony Australia, and the competition was then known as the Symphony Australia Young Performers Awards.
In 2005 after a corporate restructure within Symphony Australia, the competition was rebranded as the ABC Symphony Australia Young Performers Awards.
Format[edit]
The structure of the competition has also undergone numerous changes. Initially, there were six state-based competitions, with no overall winner. In 1949, the six state winners competed for the Commonwealth final for the first time. In 1950, singers and instrumentalists were separated. In 1968 a Preliminary Recital stage was introduced and the instrumental categories were divided into Keyboard and Other. In 1978, four categories were introduced: Vocal, Orchestral Strings, Keyboard, and Other Instrumental.

In 1981 came an award for the most outstanding competitor, their prize including concerts with ABC orchestras. In 1986 the State finals were converted to four category finals.[2]

In 2002 the vocal division of the competition was disbanded and the award transferred over to the Australian Singing Competition.

As of 2013, all entrants are exposed to Preliminary Auditions which are held in each state, from which 12 finalists are chosen by the judges irrespective of their instrument. All 12 finalists play in the Recital round; six are chosen to proceed to the Chamber Music round; and three contest the Concerto round. One of these three is chosen as the ABC Symphony Australia Young Performer of the Year.[3] The chamber and concerto rounds are hosted each year by a different state orchestra of Australia, 2013's awards will be hosted by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.

The awards are broadcast on ABC Classic FM and ABC television.

The winner of the 2012 competition was the violinist Katerina Nazarova.[4]

Notable competitors[edit]
The Young Performers Awards and its predecessors have featured some of the best known names in the Australian classical music scene. They include:

Caroline Almonte (piano; 1992)
Adele Anthony (violin; 1984)
Fiona Campbell (mezzo-soprano; 1994)
Catherine Carby (soprano; 1996)
Rebecca Chambers (piano; 1993)
Tamara Anna Cislowska (piano; 1991)
Jeffrey Crellin (oboe; 1973)
Keith Crellin (viola; 1972)
Robert Davidovici (violin; 1967)
Deborah de Graaff (clarinet; 1983)
Brett Dean (viola; 1981)
Amy Dickson (saxophone; 2004)
Diana Doherty (oboe; 1985)
Claire Edwardes (percussion; 1999)
Richard Farrell (piano; 1944)
Gustav Fenyo (piano; 1969)
Glenys Fowles (soprano; 1967)
David Fung (piano; 2002)
Charmian Gadd (violin; 1962)
Duncan Gifford (piano; 1989)
Miriam Gormley (soprano; 1985)
Nance Grant (soprano; 1960)
Bernadette Harvey (piano; 1987)
David Helfgott (piano; state finalist 6 times)
Vernon Hill (flute; 1965)
Caitlin Hulcup (mezzo-soprano; 2001)
Rosamund Illing (soprano; 1976)
Beryl Kimber (violin; 1946)
Bernice Lehmann (piano; 1948)
Clemens Leske (jr; piano; 1990)
Geoffrey Douglas Madge (piano; 1963)
Emma Matthews (soprano; 1993)
Stephen McIntyre (piano; 1960)
Ian Munro (piano; 1982)
Jolanta Nagajek (mezzo-soprano; 1981)
Mary-Jean O'Doherty (soprano; 2007)
Max Olding (piano; 1952)
Geoffrey Parsons (piano; 1947)
Geoffrey Payne (trumpet; 1982)
Li-Wei Qin (cello; 1993)
Julie Raines (harp; 1970)
Lachlan Redd (piano; 1996)
Paul Rickard-Ford (piano; 1983)
Sophie Rowell (violin; 2000)
Victor Sangiorgio (piano; 1978)
Julian Smiles (cello; 1988)
Jonathan Summers (baritone; 1973)
Simon Tedeschi (piano; 1998)
Alan Vivian (clarinet; 1975)
Nathan Waks (cello; 1968)
Neil Warren-Smith (bass-baritone; 1955)
Donald Westlake (clarinet: 1952)
Kristian Winther (violin; 2002)
Roger Woodward (piano; 1964)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ABC: YPA
Jump up ^ Past Winners
Jump up ^ YPA: New format from 2013
Jump up ^ Symphony International
External links[edit]
Symphony Services International
Categories: Recurring events established in 19441944 establishments in AustraliaMusic competitions in AustraliaAustralian music awardsClassical music in AustraliaAustralian Broadcasting CorporationSymphony Australia
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Alfred William Alcock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AlfredAlcock.jpg
Alfred William Alcock, CIE (23 June 1859 in Bombay – 24 March 1933 in Belvedere, Kent) was a British physician, naturalist, and carcinologist.

Contents [hide]
1 Early life and education
2 Career
3 Achievements
4 Eponymous species
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Alcock was the son of a sea-captain, John Alcock in Bombay, India who retired to live in Blackheath. His mother was a daughter of Christopher Puddicombe, the only son of a Devon squire.[1]

Alcock studied at Mill Hill School, at Blackheath Proprietary School and at Westminster School. In 1876 his father faced financial losses and he was taken out of school and sent to India in the Wynaad district. Here he was taken care of by relatives engaged in coffee-planting. As a boy of 17 he spent time in the jungles of Malabar.

Career[edit]
Coffee-planting in Wynaad declined and Alcock obtained a post a commission agent's office in Calcutta. This office closed soon and he worked from 1878-1880 in Purulia as an agent recruiting unskilled labourers for the Assam tea gardens. While here an acquaintance, Duncan Cameron, left him a Macmillan book by Michael Foster Physiology Primer. This book, he wrote in his autobiographical notes, That little book was to me what the light from heaven was to St. Paul. It set my face towards natural science. He regretted that he never got to know Michael Foster, but throughout the rest of my life I have thought of him with the gratitude of a disciple, for his Primer and for his Textbook of Physiology which I got as soon as I had mastered his Primer. Its philosophical spirit impressed me very deeply.[1]

Another friend he made in Purulia was Lieut.-Col. J. J. Wood, then Deputy Sanitary Commissioner there. Wood invited him to the study of botany, natural history and chemistry. During this time Alcock even dug graves to study the bodies of humans. He studied bones using Holden's Osteology - Thence I crept on by means of a Nicholson's ' Manual of Zoology ' to the ' Descent of Man ' and the ' Origin of Species.' I was now resolved to be a doctor, but I could not think how it was to come to pass.[1]

In 1880 he took up a post as assistant master in a European boys school at Darjeeling. Here Col. Wood left his son under the tutelage of Alcock. In 1881 Alcock's elder sister moved to India as her husband was a distinguished officer in the Indian Civil Service. Alcock was then able to sail home to begin his medical training. He found Aberdeen University economical and entered Marischal College in October, 1881. In the first year he took the medal in Henry Alleyne Nicholson's class of Natural History. Even when "unqualified" he served as House Surgeon in the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. In 1885 he graduated M.B., C.M., "with honourable distinction" and joined the Indian Medical Service.[1]

Alcock sailed to India in 1886 and served in the north-west frontier with Sikh regiment and Punjab regiments. In Baluchistan he dealt with his first case of a fatal snake bite from an Echis carinatus. In 1888 he was offered the position of Surgeon-Naturalist to the Indian Marine Survey. He took it and joined the survey ship "Investigator" and remained until 1892. Here he studied marine zoology and he published many papers along with James Wood-Mason and others. He wrote about these years in A Naturalist in Indian Seas (1902) which is considered a classic in natural history travel.[1]

In 1892 Alcock resigned (having attained the rank of major)[2] and became Deputy Sanitary Commissioner for Eastern Bengal. In 1893 Wood-Mason went home and Alcock agreed to act for him during his absence. Wood-Mason died on his way to England and Alcock was appointed as the Superintendent of the Indian Museum. In 1895-96 he was on the Pamis Boundary Commission and wrote the Natural History results of this expedition. At the Indian Museum, Alcock worked on improving the public galleries of Reptiles, Fishes and Invertebrates. Sir George King who was the chairman of the Trustees supported him, however after his retirement, Alcock was given little support. Lord Curzon decided to exhibit the collections of the Indian Museum as a memorial to Queen Victoria in 1903 and Alcock was ordered to "vacate the gallery of Fishes at a moment's notice." Alcock protested to the Trustees that "it would be disgraceful to dismantle a gallery of Invertebrates which included an exhibit of the recent mosquito-malaria discoveries, at a moment when those discoveries seemed at last to have driven into the thickest British skull the great truth that the study of zoology was of some use to mankind." The gallery was spared but the library was to be cleared. These experiences caused Alcock to quit and he returned home in 1906 writing to the Government "telling him what an impossible post the Superintendentship of the Museum was and begging him to get it improved for the sake of the Science of Zoology and of my successors." In the letter Alcock wrote that Zoology was "a branch of pure science pregnant with human interest", important to the state "in matters of education, in matters agricultural and veterinary, and in the vital matter of public health." He suggested the establishment of "an Indian Zoological Survey" with a museum and laboratory administered by zoologists along the lines of the Geological and Botanical Surveys.[1]

He was asked to withdraw his resignation and rejoin with promises of reform at the Indian Museum, however he wrote that I stuck to my resolve that if the position at the Indian Museum was to be improved by my efforts no cynical potentate at Simla[3] should ever say that I had got it altered for my own benefit.[1]

Back in London he made acquaintance with Sir Patrick Manson who he had known since student days. He began to work on tropical medicine at the School of Tropical Medicine at the Albert Dock Seamen's Hospital, Albert Dock.[1]

In 1897 he married Margaret Forbes Cornwall, of Aberdeen. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1901. He was made a C.I.E. (Order of the Indian Empire) in 1903 and received the Barclay Medal from the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1907.[1]

Achievements[edit]
Alcock was primarily a systematist, describing a wide range of species. He worked on aspects of biology and physiology of fishes, their distributions, evolution and behaviour. Some of his works were published in "Zoological Gleanings from the R.I.M.S. ' Investigator,' " published in " Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India," Part XII, Simla, 1901.[1]

He worked on Fishes, Decapod Crustacea, and Deep Sea Madreporarian Corals. He published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Annals and Magazine of Natural History as well as catalogues published by the Indian Museum. His "Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. ' Investigator,' ", a series with illustrations by Indian artists (mainly A. C. Chowdhary and S. C. Mondul) has been considered as exceptional in beauty and accuracy.[1]

Alcock's school education of classics and literature led him to write in a Victorian literary style. Alcock also specialized in medical entomology and wrote a text book "Entomology for Medical Officers " (1st edition 1911, 2nd 1920). He also worked on a biography of Sir Patrick Manson.[1][4]

Working in the scientific field of herpetology, Alcock described five new species of reptiles, some in collaboration with English ornithologist Frank Finn.[5]

Eponymous species[edit]
Bathynemertes alcocki Laidlaw, 1906
Sabellaria alcocki
Pourtalesia alcocki Koehler, 1914
Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938
Pasiphaea alcocki (Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)
See also[edit]
List of carcinologists
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l W. T. C., S. W. K. & P. M.-B. (1933). "Alfred William Alcock. 1859–1933". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 1 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1933.0008.
Jump up ^ "Alcock, Major Alfred William". Who's Who, 59: p. 26. 1907.
Jump up ^ Seat of Government of British India, during summer months
Jump up ^ B.P. (1934). "Obituary. A. W. Alcock". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 36 (3&4): 726–728.
Jump up ^ "Alcock". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
External links[edit]
A guide to the zoological collections exhibited in the fish gallery of the Indian Museum (1899) (Scanned book)
Illustrations of the Zoology of the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator, under the command of Commander T H Heming. Fishes Part V, Crustacea Part VI Mollusca Part II . Alfred Alcock. Calcutta, 1898 (scanned book)
A descriptive catalogue of the Indian deep-sea fishes in the Indian Museum : being a revised account of the deep-sea fishes collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship Investigator (scanned book)
Authority control
WorldCat VIAF: 5446440 LCCN: n85800190 ISNI: 0000 0000 8353 0453 GND: 117251801 SUDOC: 132223007 ICCU: IT\ICCU\UFIV\119342
Categories: British naturalists1859 births1933 deathsPeople from MumbaiPeople educated at Blackheath Proprietary SchoolPeople educated at Westminster School, LondonAlumni of the University of AberdeenBritish people of colonial IndiaBritish carcinologistsCompanions of the Order of the Indian EmpireFellows of the Royal SocietyIndian Medical Service officers
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Avram Finkelstein
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2007)
Avram Finkelstein
Occupation
Artist
Writer
Organization Gran Fury
Known for Gay rights activism
Avram Finkelstein is an artist, writer, gay rights activist, and member of the AIDS art collective Gran Fury.

Finkelstein describes himself as a "red diaper baby", raised by leftist parents who encouraged him to develop an interest in radical politics.[1] He began by protesting the Vietnam War in the 1960s, and has worked on many activist causes, including The Student Mobilization Committee, The Poor People's Campaign, The Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights, and was a founding member of the AIDS advocacy group ACT UP.[2] In 1986, Finkelstein was co-founder of the group Silence=Death Project, which created the "Silence=Death" anti-AIDS logo to combat institutional silence surrounding homophobia and HIV/AIDS,[3] later donated to ACT UP.[4] In 1994, in preparation for the Gay Games in New York City, he wrote a tract for ACT UP, entitled "Welcome to New York", which asked gay men and lesbians who attended the games and other festivities surrounding the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Stonewall Riots to take action to stop the AIDS epidemic.[5]

Finkelstein has covered art & culture for Artwrit, Italian Vogue, Dazed and Confused, Visionaire, Pride, Genre, Van and Dune. With Gran Fury, he collaborated on public awareness campaigns and public art projects for publications, museums and foundations including The Whitney Museum of American Art, The Venice Biennale, ArtForum, The New Museum of Contemporary Art, Creative Time, and The Public Art Fund. Finkelstein has been interviewed about art, activism and communication in the public sphere by publications including The New York Times and Interview.[citation needed], and spoken at Harvard, Exit Art, Fordham, RISD, MassArt, The School of Visual Arts and CUNY.

References[edit]
Jump up ^ Belonsky, Andrew (February 25, 2008). "Avram Finkelstein's Words Resonate". Queerty. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ DeParle, Jason (January 3, 1990). "Rude, Rash, Effective, Act-Up Shifts AIDS Policy". The New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Video Interview with Avram Finkelstein: Silence=Death Project, ACT UP, Silence Opens Doors | http://www.silenceopensdoors.com/2009/10/chapter-2.html | March 3, 2010
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Richard (March 25, 1997). "How AIDS Activists Tapped the Power of Art". The Village Voice 42 (12). p. 43.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to New York – by Avram Finkelstein". ACT UP. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
Categories: HIV/AIDS activistsAmerican activistsAmerican artistsGay artistsJewish American artistsLGBT artists from the United StatesLGBT rights activists from the United StatesLiving people
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Electoral district of Wooroora
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wooroora
South Australia—House of Assembly
State South Australia
Created 1875
Abolished 1938
Demographic Rural
Wooroora was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian colony (state from 1901) of South Australia.[1]

Members[edit]
Two members (1875–1902)
Member Party Term Member Party Term
H. E. Bright 1875–1884 James Pearce 1875–1875
John Bosworth 1875–1884
John Duncan 1884–1890 J. W. Castine 1884–1902
H. C. Kelly 1890–1891
Robert Kelly 1891–1893 Defence League 1891–1896
James McLachlan, Sr. Defence League 1893–1896
1896–1902 National League 1896–1902
Three members (1902–1938)
Member Party Term Member Party Term Member Party Term
Jenkin Coles National League 1902–1910 David James National League 1902–1910 F. W. Paech National League 1902–1908
Frederick Young Farmers and Producers 1909–1910
Liberal Union 1910–1911 Liberal Union 1910–1918 Liberal Union 1910–1915
Oscar Duhst Liberal Union 1912–1915
Richard Butler Liberal Union 1915–1918 Albert Robinson Liberal Union 1915–1924
James McLachlan Jr. Liberal Union 1918–1923 Allan Robertson Labor 1918–1921
Richard Layton Butler Liberal Union 1921–1923
Liberal Federation 1923–1930 Liberal Federation 1923–1938 Liberal Federation 1923–1924
Allan Robertson Labor 1924–1927
Archie Cameron Country 1927–1932
Samuel Dennison Country 1930–1932
Liberal and Country 1932–1938 Liberal and Country 1932–1938 Liberal and Country 1932–1934
Albert Robinson Liberal and Country 1934–1938
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Statistical Record of the Legislature, 1836 - 2007" (PDF). Parliament of South Australia. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
External links[edit]
The 13 electorates from 1902 to 1915: The Adelaide Chronicle

[hide] v t e
Former electoral districts of South Australia
Albert Albert Park Alexandra Angas Ascot Park Barossa Baudin Briggs Brighton Burnside Burra Burra Burra City of Adelaide Coles Custance East Adelaide East Torrens Edwardstown Elizabeth Encounter Bay Eyre Gawler Gilles Gladstone Glenelg Goodwood Gordon Gouger Gumeracha Hanson Hart Hayward Henley Beach Hindmarsh Mallee Millicent Mitcham Mount Barker Murray Murray-Mallee Newcastle Noarlunga North Adelaide Northern Territory Norwood Onkaparinga Peake Pirie Port Pirie Price Prospect Ridley Rocky River Ross Smith Salisbury Semaphore Spence Stanley Stirling Sturt Tea Tree Gully The Burra The Burra and Clare The Murray Thebarton Todd Victoria Victoria and Albert Wallaroo Walsh West Adelaide Whyalla Wooroora Yatala Yorke Peninsula Young
[show] v t e
Electoral districts of South Australia
Categories: Former electoral districts of South Australia1875 establishments in Australia1938 disestablishments in Australia
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Arno Holz
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arno Holz, painted by Erich Büttner.
Arno Holz (Rastenburg, 26 April 1863 – 24 October 1929, Berlin) was a German naturalist poet and dramatist. He is best known for his poetry collection Phantasus (1898).

Contents [hide]
1 Life and Works
2 Notes
3 References
4 External links
Life and Works[edit]
Holz was born in Rastenburg, East Prussia (now Kętrzyn, Poland), the son of pharmacist Hermann Holz and Franziska neé Werner. The family moved to Berlin in 1895. After his schooling, Holz worked in 1881 as a journalist but chose a living as a freelance writer. He was beset with financial difficulties for much of his life. He established contacts with the Berlin naturalist club Durch where he met famed writer Gerhart Hauptmann. In 1885 his poetry collection, Buch der Zeit (book of time) won the Schiller Prize. Around this time, Holz was fascinated by Darwinism.

From 1888 onward Holz lived and worked together with translator and writer Johannes Schlaf. Together they developed a theory of "consistent naturalism" in their programmatic text, Art: its Nature and its Laws, wherein they aimed to provide art an exact description and incorporated colloquial elements. They tried, in their description, to eliminate subjectivity from art, to the extent it was scientifically possible, summarized in Holz's formula,

Art = Nature - x

Where "x" is the materials needed to produce art. Ideally, art is to be as close to nature as possible, and it is the artist's responsibility to minimize "x" in this formula. Holz and Schlaf attempted to apply the theoretical postulate of "consistent naturalism" in their joint works, Papa Hamlet and Die Familie Selicke, plays published under the pseudonym Bjarne P. Holmsen (premiered 1890 in Berlin and Madeburg). The demand that art should be an accurate reproduction of reality lead to new experimental modes of expression – for example, the "second by second style" (German: Sekundenstil) in which social deprivation is described in exact minute detail in real time. Reception of Papa Hamlet was quite varied. Most critics deplored it, but others, including Theodor Fontane, found it contained high artistic value.

Schlaf and Holz quarreled over revenue from the two plays, which was relatively modest, causing a break in their relations. Holz claimed he could have done more and had contributed more artistically to both works. Holz went on to experiment with unrhymed styles breaking traditional rules of form. He claimed works should be determined by "inner rhythm" and free from regular rhyme and versification. He laid down these principles in his writing, Revolution in Poetry (1899).

In 1893 he married Emilie Wittenberg with whom he had three sons.

In 1896 Holz commenced work on a dramatic cycle, Berlin inspired by Zola's series of novels, Rougon-Macquart. His work, Change in Dramatic Time, originally drawn from twenty five separate pieces, remains unfinished in three works: the comedy Socialaristokraten ("Social Aristocrats," 1896) and the tragedies Eclipse (1908) and Ignorabimus (1913). These late dramas failed with contemporary theater audiences; the book editions, in spite of numerous revisions, found few buyers.


Title page of a 1928 edition with Art Nouveau decoration
In 1898 Holz published his masterpiece, the poetry volume Phantasus, a work in which he displayed his linguistic virtuosity. The work describes the milieu of slighted hungry poets of Holz's own Wedding neighborhood in Berlin. Holz had worked on the poems throughout his creative life, often amending, casting aside, and revisiting his varied texts. A typographical feature of the poetry is that all the lines are centered on an axis giving both a right and left ragged edge (common in the modern day of computers but rare at the time). For example, the following (practically untranslatable) passage about St. George's Church in Rastenburg, from "Childhood paradise"

... landfernhin schauenden, landfernhin lugenden,
landfernhin sichtbaren
Burgbelfriedtürme
der massig, der mächtig, der wuchtig
der sturmtrotzig, ehrwürdig, bollwerkkühn,
letztzufluchtstark
stolzen,
felssteinuntermauerten, ziegelstumpfbraunrötlichen,
berghügelkrönenden,
strebepfeilerigen, sternkreuzgewölbigen,
buntfensterigen
Sankt
Georgenkirche.

[looking out on the country, peeping remotely/visible to the remote/castle belfry towers/of massive, of mighty, of powerful/of storm defying, venerable, boldly bulwarked/the last refuge/proud/the rocky stoned underpinned, dull reddish brown bricked/ mountain hill crowned/buttressed starry vaulted/colorfully windowed/Saint/George Church]


"Dafnis" (1904)
In 1903, he wrote Songs on an old Lute inspired by the poetry of the Baroque era. This volume was later expanded as Dafnis and published by Reinhard Piper, and one of Holz's few financial successes. The poems incorporated in the volume's, design, subject, and layout celebrations of Baroque eating and erotic events. Holz also received recognition for his tragicomody Traumulus (1904), the first of five he created with his friend Oskar Jerschke. The work was produced on many stages upon its publication and in 1935 it became the basis of a film produced by Carl Froelich starring Emil Jannings in the title role.

Between 1910 and 1929 Holz lived in the Schöneberg district of Berlin. He divorced and remarried in 1926, and is buried in an honored grave at the Friedhof Heerstrasse. Several monuments have been erected in his honor.

Notes[edit]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2008)
References[edit]
Wikisource-logo.svg William F. Hauhart (1920). "Holz, Arno". In Rines, George Edwin. Encyclopedia Americana.
Wikisource-logo.svg "Holz, Arno". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
Phantasus edited by Donatella Casarini ed Enzo Minarelli, Udine, Campanotto Editore, 2008.[Italian Translation]
Phantasus edited by Krzysztof D. Szatrawski, Kętrzyn, Stowarzyszenie im. Arno Holza dla Porozumienia Polsko-Niemieckiego, 2013.[Polish Translation]
External links[edit]
Works by Arno Holz at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Arno Holz at Internet Archive
Works by Arno Holz at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Speaker Icon.svg
Authority control
WorldCat VIAF: 66516702 LCCN: n81132511 ISNI: 0000 0000 8145 8486 GND: 118553216 SUDOC: 030817544 BNF: cb12215662d (data) NDL: 00443688 ICCU: IT\ICCU\SBLV\285638
Categories: 1863 births1929 deathsPeople from KętrzynPeople from the Province of PrussiaGerman dramatists and playwrightsGerman poetsGerman male poetsGerman male dramatists and playwrightsGerman-language poets
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Toussaint (name)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Toussaint is both a French surname and a masculine French given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Allen Toussaint (born 1938), American musician, songwriter and record producer and one of the most influential figures in New Orleans R&B
Auguste Toussaint (1911–1990s), Mauritian archivist and historian
Beth Toussaint (born 1962), American actress, best known for her television performances
Dany Toussaint, candidate in the 2006 Haitian presidential election
Godfried Toussaint, Belgian, British, and Canadian professor of computer science specializing in computational geometry and computational music
Eugenio Toussaint (1954–2011), Mexican composer
François-Vincent Toussaint (1715–1772), author of Les Mœurs ("The Manners") published in 1748 and immediately prosecuted and burned by the French court of justice
Jean Toussaint (born 1960), American-British jazz saxophonist
Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint (1847–1890), French veterinarian and bacteriologist
Jean-Marie Toussaint (nl) (born 1948), Belgian F-16 pilot
Jean-Philippe Toussaint (born 1957), Belgian writer
Lorraine Toussaint (born 1960), television actress best known for playing assistant medical examiner Elaine Duchamps on the television drama Crossing Jordan
Mauricio Toussaint (born 1960), contemporary Mexican artist, living between Mexico and Arizona in the USA where he largely lives and works
Michel'le Toussaint, an American R&B singer-songwriter
Nina Toussaint-White (born 1985), British actress
Olivier Toussaint, French composer, pop singer, orchestra arranger, company manager, and record producer active since 1968
Ven. Pierre Toussaint, Haitian-American philanthropist
Roger Toussaint (born 1956), former President of TWU Local 100 who called on the 2005 New York City transit strike
Rudolf Toussaint, the German Army commander in Prague at the end of World War II, imprisoned for life for war crimes
Touki Toussaint, baseball player
Given name:

Toussaint Charbonneau (1767–1843), was a French-Canadian explorer and trader, and a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, best known as the husband of Sacagawea
Toussaint de Charpentier (1779–1847), German geologist and entomologist
Toussaint Dallam (born 1659), French organ-builder.
Toussaint Dubreuil (c. 1560–1602), French painter associated with the second School of Fontainebleau
Toussaint-Bernard Émeric-David (1755–1839), French archaeologist and writer on art
Toussaint-Antoine-Rodolphe Laflamme (1827–1893), a French-Canadian lawyer, professor of law and politician
Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803), black slave who organized the expulsion of French, British, and Spanish armies that enforced slavery in Haiti and nearby Santo Domingo
Toussaint Natama (born 1982), Burkinabé football player
WPanthroponymy.svg This page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.
Categories: Given namesSurnamesFrench-language surnamesFrench masculine given names
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Zakhmee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zakhmee
Zakhmee.jpg
Directed by Raja Thakur
Produced by Tahir Hussain
Written by Humayun Mirza
Starring Sunil Dutt
Asha Parekh
Rakesh Roshan
Reena Roy
Music by Bappi Lahiri
Cinematography Munir Khan
Edited by Madhu Sinha
Release dates
1975
Country India
Language Hindi
Zakhmee is a 1975 Hindi movie. Produced by Tahir Hussain the film is directed by Raja Thakur. The film stars Sunil Dutt, Asha Parekh, Rakesh Roshan, Reena Roy, Tariq, Helen, Johnny Walker, Iftekhar, and Agha. The film's music is by Bappi Lahiri. The film did "above average" business at the box office.[1]

Plot[edit]
On the night of his marriage to Asha (Asha Parekh), Anand (Sunil Dutt) is arrested for allegedly murdering his business partner, and held in prison until his trial takes place. Anand refuses to say anything in his favor, thus leading his lawyer to conclude that Anand did commit this homicide. Refusing to believe that their brother could murder, his brothers, Amar and Pawan (Rakesh Roshan and Tariq respectively) kidnap Judge Ganguly's (Iftekhar) only daughter, Nisha (Reena Roy), in order to force the judge to find Anand not guilty, with disastrous results.

Cast[edit]
Sunil Dutt ... Ananda
Asha Parekh ... Asha
Rakesh Roshan ... Amar
Reena Roy ... Nisha Ganguly
Tariq ... Pawan
Helen ... Sheila
Johnny Walker ... Johny
Imtiaz ... Tiger
Yunus Parvez ... Dilawar
Jankidas ... Jankidas


External links[edit]
Zakhmee at the Internet Movie Database
Stub icon This article about a Hindi film of the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Hindi-language films1975 filmsIndian films1970s Hindi-language film stubs
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Top-rated United States television programs by season
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article presents the top-rated American primetime television series by season from 1950 to the present according to Nielsen Media Research.

Contents [hide]
1 1950s
2 1960s
3 1970s
4 1980s
5 1990s
6 2000s
7 2010s
1950s[edit]
October 1950-April 1951
October 1951-April 1952
October 1952-April 1953
October 1953-April 1954
October 1954-April 1955
October 1955-April 1956
October 1956-April 1957
October 1957-April 1958
October 1958-April 1959
October 1959-April 1960
1960s[edit]
October 1960-April 1961
October 1961-April 1962
October 1962-April 1963
October 1963-April 1964
October 1964-April 1965
October 1965-April 1966
October 1966-April 1967
October 1967-April 1968
October 1968-April 1969
October 1969-April 1970
1970s[edit]
October 1970-April 1971
October 1971-April 1972
October 1972-April 1973
September 1973-April 1974
September 1974-April 1975
September 1975-April 1976
September 1976-April 1977
September 1977-April 1978
September 1978-April 1979
September 1979-April 1980
1980s[edit]
September 1980-April 1981
September 1981-April 1982
September 1982-April 1983
September 1983-April 1984
September 1984-April 1985
September 1985-April 1986
September 1986-April 1987
September 1987-April 1988
October 1988-April 1989
September 1989-April 1990
1990s[edit]
September 1990-April 1991
September 1991-April 1992
September 1992-April 1993
September 1993-April 1994
September 1994-April 1995
September 1995-May 1996
September 1996-May 1997
September 1997-May 1998
September 1998-May 1999
September 1999-May 2000
2000s[edit]
September 2000-May 2001
September 2001-May 2002
September 2002-May 2003
September 2003-May 2004
September 2004-May 2005
September 2005-May 2006
September 2006-May 2007
September 2007-May 2008
September 2008-May 2009
September 2009-May 2010
2010s[edit]
September 2010-May 2011
September 2011-May 2012
September 2012-May 2013
September 2013-May 2014
[hide] v t e
Top-rated United States television programs by season
Nielsen ratings
1950s
1950–51 1951–52 1952–53 1953–54 1954–55 1955–56 1956–57 1957–58 1958–59 1959–60
1960s
1960–61 1961–62 1962–63 1963–64 1964–65 1965–66 1966–67 1967–68 1968–69 1969–70
1970s
1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80
1980s
1980–81 1981–82 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90
1990s
1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000
2000s
2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10
2010s
2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14
Categories: Lists of American television series
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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List of tallest educational buildings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009)
This is a list of the tallest buildings in the world used primarily for education, defined as having an occupiable height that is 90% devoted to classroom, research, and educational administration use. It excludes dormitories.

Contents [hide]
1 List
2 Under construction
3 Notes
4 External links
List[edit]
# Building School City Country Height (m) Height (ft) Floors Year District Notes Source
1 Main Building Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia 240 m 787 ft 36 1953 The tallest educational-use building in the world. [1]
2 Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower Multiple Tokyo Japan 204 m 668 ft 50 2008 Nishi-Shinjuku The 17th-tallest building in Tokyo. [2]
3 Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers Multiple Nagoya Japan 170 m 558 ft 36 2008 Nakamura-ku Home to three vocational schools. [3]
4 Cathedral of Learning University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh United States 163 m 535 ft 42 1926–1937 Oakland This Gothic Revival tower was the world's first educational skyscraper and is home to the Nationality Rooms. [4]
5 Cathedral of Learning Assumption University of Thailand Bangkok Thailand 159 m 522 ft 39 2002 Suvarnabhumi The Design and Name are eclectic in nature, typefying the traditional Thai veneration of knowledge and learning. [5]
6 Vertical Campus Roosevelt University Chicago United States 143m 469 ft 32 2012 South Loop The Wabash Building is the second-tallest higher-education building in the United States and the sixth tallest in the world. [6]
6 Guang Hua Tower Fudan University Shanghai China 142m 465 ft 30 2005 Yangpu The tallest educational-use building in China. [7]
7 Shinjuku Building Kogakuin University Tokyo Japan 133 m 436 ft 29 1989 Nishi-Shinjuku [8]
8 STEC Information Building Kogakuin University Tokyo Japan 124 m 405 ft 28 1992 Nishi-Shinjuku [9]
9 Boissonade Tower Hosei University Tokyo Japan 122 m 400 ft 27 2000 Chiyoda Named after Gustave Emile Boissonade [10]
10 Academy of Sciences Headquarters Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia 120 m 394 ft 29 1989 Gagarinsky District [11]
11 UTS Tower University of Technology, Sydney Sydney Australia 120 m 394 ft 33 1978 City of Sydney Bordered by Broadway. The 60th-tallest building in Sydney.[12] [13]
12 Liberty Tower Meiji University Tokyo Japan 119 m 390 ft 23 1998 [14]
13 Torre de la Universidad Laboral Universidad Laboral de Gijón Gijón Spain 117 m 384 ft 17 1956
14 Erasmus MC Faculteitsgebouw Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands 114 m 374 ft 27 1969 Centrum Faculty building.
15 Rhodes Tower Cleveland State University Cleveland United States 111 m 363 ft 20 1971 St. Vincent Quadrangle, Downtown
16 Academy of Sciences Latvian Academy of Sciences Riga Latvia 108 m 353 ft 21 1955
17 University Hall University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States 103 m 338 ft 28 1965 Near West Side Designed in Brutalist style by Walter Netsch. Constructed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The south portion of the 2nd floor can be seen near the end of the 2006 film Stranger Than Fiction.
18 Eshkol Tower University of Haifa Haifa Israel 102 m 335 ft 30 1978
19 Osaka Mode Gaen Osaka Mode Gakuen Osaka Japan 102 m 335 ft 21 1999
20 Edison Building Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia United States 99 m 325 ft 23 1927 Center City At 130 South 9th Street. Home of the Jefferson College of Health Professions.
21 Main Building (the Tower) University of Texas at Austin Austin United States 94 m 307 ft 29 1937
22 Culture School Tokyo Japan 92 m 302 ft 20 1999 Shibuya
23 Br. Andrew Gonzalez Hall De La Salle University Manila Philippines 90 m 297 ft 21 2006 Taft Avenue Tallest educational building in the Philippines [15]
23 W. E. B. Du Bois Library University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst United States 90 m 297 ft 26 1974 Tallest library in the United States [16]
24 Tour Jussieu University of Paris (Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris Diderot University)
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris Paris France 90 m 295 ft 27 1971 Part of the Jussieu Campus. Administration building.
25 TU Delft faculteit ITS Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands 90 m 295 ft 23 1969
26 Green Building Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States 90 m 295 ft 21 1964 Designed by I. M. Pei, named after Cecil Howard Green
27 Erasmusgebouw Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen Netherlands 88 m 289 ft 21 1973
28 Semmelweis University Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary 88 m 289 ft 23 1976 Józsefváros
29 1440 Canal Tulane University New Orleans United States 88 m 288 ft 21 1972 Central Business District Also known as the Tidewater Building and Tidewater Place. Home to Tulane University Health Sciences Center administrative offices and Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. WWOZ has its antenna and transmitter atop the building
30 South Ural State University South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia 86 m 282 ft 18 1959 Tsentralny
31 Geomatikum University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany 85 m 279 ft 20 1975 Rotherbaum
32 Loyola University Tower Loyola University Chicago Chicago United States 84 m 275 ft 16 1994
33 Moos Health Sciences Tower University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States 82 m 268 ft 17 1974
34 Law Tower Boston University Boston United States 81 m 265 ft 17 1964 Fenway-Kenmore The tallest law school building in America, located at 765 Commonwealth Avenue, site of Boston University School of Law.
35 Akademia Ekonomiczna Poznań University of Economics Poznań Poland 81 m 264 ft 19 1991
36 Victoria University Victoria University Melbourne Australia 80 m 262 ft 20 City of Melbourne On Flinders Street
37 33 West 42nd Street State University of New York State College of Optometry New York City United States 80 m 262 ft 18 1931 Midtown Manhattan Opposite Bryant Park and the New York Public Library Main Branch; the college's only building, including all classrooms, laboratories, library, research space and patient clinics [17]
38 Telefunken Haus Technical University of Berlin, Berlin Germany 79 m 259 ft 22 1961 Charlottenburg Nearby Ernst-Reuter-Platz
39 23rd Street Building Baruch College New York City United States 78 m 257 ft 16 1930 Flatiron District, Manhattan
40 Erasmus Universiteit Gebouw H Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam Netherlands 78 m 256 ft 20 1970
40 Heinz Memorial Chapel University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh United States 78 m 256 ft 1 1933–1938 Oakland French Gothic Revival university chapel
40 Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia 78 m 256 ft 24
43 Arts Tower University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom 78 m 255 ft 20 1965
44 Dunton Tower Carleton University Ottawa Canada 77 m 253 ft 22 1974
45 Kline Biology Tower Yale University New Haven United States 76 m 250 ft 16 1966 Designed by Philip Johnson
46 Patterson Office Tower University of Kentucky Lexington United States 76 m 250 ft 20 1968
47 Tower 75 Meijo University Nagoya Japan 76 m 249 ft 16 2002 Tempaku-ku
48 New Medical Tower Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan 76 m 249 ft 17 1996
49 Lurie Medical Research Building Northwestern University Chicago United States 76 m 248 ft 13 2005
50 Van Hise Hall University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States 73 m 241 ft 19 1967 On 1220 Linden Drive. Slated for destruction sometime before 2025 under the university's master plan. Named for former university president Charles R. Van Hise. [18]
51 "The Tower" John Jay College of Criminal Justice New York City United States 73 m 240 ft 14 2012
52 Senate House University of London London United Kingdom 64 m 210 ft 19 1937 Bloomsbury
HKU SPACE Po Leung Kuk Community College Building HKU SPACE Po Leung Kuk Community College So Kon Po Hong Kong 19 [19]
Under construction[edit]
# Building City Country Height (m) Height (ft) Floors Year District Notes Source
1 Kohinoor Square Mumbai India 203 m 666 ft 50 2013
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Moscow State University at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers at Inhabitat.com
Jump up ^ Cathedral of Learning at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ Cathedral of Learning at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ http://chicago.curbed.com/places/vertical-campus#1
Jump up ^ http://baike.baidu.com/view/881747.htm#1
Jump up ^ Shinjuku building at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ STEC information Building at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ Boissonade Tower at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ Academy of Sciences at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ of Sydneys tallest buildings
Jump up ^ UTS Tower at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ Liberty Tower at Emporis.com
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ W.E.B. Du Bois Library, Amherst | Emporis.com
Jump up ^ "SUNY State College of Optometry: At a Glance."
Jump up ^ Rivedal, Karen (January 29, 2005). "Down with Van Hise Hall". The Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
Jump up ^ [2] [www.powershow.com/view/104566-MTY2Z/HKU_SPACE_Po_Leung_Kuk_powerpoint_ppt_presentation] [3]
External links[edit]
List from Emporis
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1934 in archaeology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Table of years in archaeology
… 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930
1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937
1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 …
Related time period or subjects
… 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 …
… 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s …
… 19th century 20th century 21st century …
Art Archaeology Architecture Literature Music Science more
In Template:Year nav topic: extra parameters: science
The year 1934 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Contents [hide]
1 Explorations
2 Excavations
3 Finds
4 Publications
5 Events
6 Births
7 Deaths
8 References
Explorations[edit]
Maya site of Becan rediscovered by archaeologists Karl Ruppert and John Denison.
Excavations[edit]
Poznań University project at Biskupin begins, led by Józef Kostrzewski and Zdzisław Rajewski.
Snaketown, Arizona, under direction of Harold S. Galdwin.
Kennet Avenue, by Alexander Keiller (continues to 1935).
Maiden Castle, Dorset, by Mortimer Wheeler (continues to 1937).
Persepolis, by Erich Schmidt (continues to 1939).
The site of the Warrior of Capestrano, by Giuseppe Moretti.
Finds[edit]
2 January: Warka Vase found at Uruk.
The Statue of Ebih-Il is unearthed in Mari
The Warrior of Capestrano is accidentally discovered.
Publications[edit]
[icon] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (August 2010)
Events[edit]
Russian paleophytologist V. A. Petrov saw a Latin stone inscription near Füzuli, Azerbaijan, mentioning Legio XII Fulminata. The exact location of the inscription is unknown.[1]
Births[edit]
2 September: Donald B. Redford, Canadian Egyptologist.
Khaled al-Asaad, Syrian archaeologist (killed 2015).
Giovanni Colonna, Italian archaeologist of the Etruscan civilization.
Deaths[edit]
14 March: Francis Llewellyn Griffith, British Egyptologist
15 March: Davidson Black, Canadian paleoanthropologist, in his office at the Cenozoic Research Laboratory with a Peking Man skullcap on his desk.
23 November: E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Тревер, Камилла (1959). Очерки по истории о культуре Кавказской Албании (in Russian). Издательство Академии Наук СССР. p. 330.
Categories: 1934 in science1934Years in archaeology
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Olivia Hack
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Olivia Hack
Born June 16, 1983 (age 32)
Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Occupation Actress, voice actress
Years active 1992–present
Olivia Hack (born June 16, 1983[1]) is an American actress and voice actress, best known for providing the voice of Rhonda Wellington Lloyd in Nickelodeon's Hey Arnold!, and for playing Cindy Brady in the 1990s theatrical Brady Bunch films. She has also done voice work for Fillmore!, Bratz as Cloe, Family Guy, Blood+ and Avatar: The Last Airbender as Ty Lee. She appeared in Star Trek Generations, Party of Five and Gilmore Girls.

As a child actor, Hack appeared in her first commercial spot when she was eight months old.[2]

Entertainment Weekly noted the authenticity of Hack's reprisal of Cindy Brady for the 1990s Brady Bunch films,[3] and the New York Daily News made positive comparisons of Hack's work to that of Susan Olsen's Cindy from the original television series.[4]

In both 2000 and 2001, Hack received Young Artist Awards nominations for 'Best Performance in a Voice-Over: TV/Film/Video' for her work in the series Hey Arnold!.[5][6]

Contents [hide]
1 Filmography
1.1 Live-action television
1.2 Live-action film
1.3 Voice artist
2 References
3 External links
Filmography[edit]
Live-action television[edit]
Phenom (1 episode, 1993) as Jennifer
Wings (1 episode, 1995) as Cindy Brady
Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher (1 episode, 1997) as Lorrie
Perversions of Science (1 episode, 1997) as Jenna Sorensen
Touched by an Angel (1 episode, 1997) as Kim
Tracey Takes On... (2 episodes, 1998) as Bethany
Party of Five (2 episodes, 1998) as Stephanie
Two of a Kind (1 episode, 1999) as Tammy
The David Cassidy Story (2000) as Young English Fan
Freaks and Geeks (1 episode, 2000) as Erin
Sammy (2000) as Lola
Rocket Power (1 episode, 2000) as Lizzie
Any Day Now (22 episodes, 2001–2002) as Young Mary Elizabeth O'Brien
Judging Amy (1 episode, 2002) as Jasmine Barnes
Gilmore Girls (8 episodes, 2003–2004) as Tanna Schrick
Cold Case (1 episode, 2005) as Tiffany - 1965
Live-action film[edit]
Star Trek Generations (1994) as Olivia Picard
The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) as Cindy Brady
A Very Brady Sequel (1996) as Cindy Brady
Crayola Kids Adventures: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1997) as Captain
Voice artist[edit]
Film[edit]
Napoleon (1995) as Nancy
Hey Arnold!: The Movie (2002) as Rhonda Wellington Lloyd
Open Season 2 (2008) as Charlene
Bratz Rock Angelz (2005) as Cloe[7]
Bratz Genie Magic (2006) as Cloe[7]
Bratz Forever Diamondz (2006) as Cloe[7]
Bratz: Passion 4 Fashion (2006) as Cloe[7]
Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo (2010) as Treena
Animation[edit]
P. J. Sparkles (1992) as Glowee
Life with Louie (1 episode, 1995) as Kelly Bassett
As Told by Ginger (1 episode, 2000) as Hall Monitor
The Kids from Room 402 (13 episodes, 2000–2001) as Gabrielle
Rugrats (1997 and 2001) as Emica
All Grown Up (2001, 2003, and 2007) as Emica
Fillmore! (1 episode, 2003) as Trace
Astro Boy (2 episodes, 2003–2004) as Various
Hey Arnold! (42 episodes, 1996–2004) as Rhonda Wellington Lloyd
Family Guy (4 episodes, 1999–2005) as Various
Bratz (Season 1, 2005 – 2006) as Cloe and extras
Blood+ (50 episodes, 2005–2006) as Mao, Irene
Avatar: The Last Airbender (12 episodes, 2006–2008) as Ty Lee
Psi-Kix (2008) as Various
Ben 10: Ultimate Alien (1 episode, 2011) as Emily
Care Bears: Welcome to Care-a-Lot (3 episodes, 2012) as Kaylee, Best Friend Bear, Baby Hugs Bear, and Sweet Dreams Bear
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2012) - Katooni
The Simpsons (2015) as Herself
Video games[edit]
Final Fantasy X-2 (2003) as Hana
Xenosaga Episode II (2005) as Shion Uzuki
Bratz Rock Angelz (2005) as Cloe
Bratz Passion 4 Fashion DVD Game (2006) as Cloe
Bratz: Forever Diamondz (2006) as Cloe
Bratz : The Movie Game (2007) as Cloe
Avatar: The Last Airbender (2006) as Ty Lee
Bratz: Babyz (2006) as Cloe
Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth (2007) as Ty Lee
Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno (2008) as Ty Lee
Eat Lead: The Return of Matt Hazard (2009) as QA, Evil QA
The Sims Medieval (2011) as Sim
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII (2013) as Additional Voices[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Celebrity birthdays on June 16." Miami Herald 16 June 2009: A8. Web. 29 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Francess Lin Lantz (1996). Be a star!. Rainbow Bridge. pp. 20, 56, 90. ISBN 0-8167-3720-7.
Jump up ^ Meredith Berkman (February 24, 1995). "The Youngest One Uncurls". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Christy Slewinski (February 13, 1995). "Grownup Cindy is back into the 'Bunch'". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ "21st Annual Young Artist Awards". Young Artist Awards. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "22nd Annual Young Artist Awards". Young Artist Awards. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Bratz/Cloe/
Jump up ^ Square Enix. "Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII". Scene: Closing credits, 5 minutes in, Voice Actors, Additional Voices.
External links[edit]
Olivia Hack at the Internet Movie Database
Authority control
VIAF: 66750805 ISNI: 0000 0001 1935 6793 BNF: cb150439435 (data)
Stub icon This article about a United States film and television actor or actress born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 1983 births20th-century American actresses21st-century American actressesAmerican child actressesAmerican film actressesAmerican television actressesAmerican video game actressesAmerican voice actressesLiving peopleActresses from Beverly Hills, CaliforniaAmerican screen actor, 1980s birth stubs
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Combined Development Agency
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Combined Development Agency (CDA) was a defense purchasing authority established in 1948 by the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom.[1] Its role was to ensure adequate supplies of uranium for the respective countries weapons development programmes.

The agency initiated a range of incentives to several countries to encourage exploration and a fast buildup of mineral reserves. The main countries targeted for the programmes were the US, Canada, South Africa, and to a limited extent Australia.

In Australia, uranium ore from a number of mines was processed at the purpose built Port Pirie Uranium Treatment Complex which operated under contract to the CDA by the Government of South Australia between 1955 and 1962.[2][3]

References[edit]
Jump up ^ Marian Radetzki (1980). Uranium: A Strategic Source of Energy. Croom Helm, London. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7099-0340-6.
Jump up ^ "Uranium deposits in Australia". Government of South Australia Primary Industries and Resources. March 13, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Port Pirie Uranium Treatment Complex, SA". www.sea-us.org.au. Retrieved 2009-07-26.


Stub icon This article about an organisation in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories: UraniumAgencies of the United States governmentUnited Kingdom organisation stubsUnited States organization stubs
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Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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2003 WTA Tour Championships – Singles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. Please help improve the article with a good introductory style. (June 2015)

This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (June 2015)
Singles
2003 WTA Tour Championships
Champion Belgium Kim Clijsters
Runner-up France Amélie Mauresmo
Final score 6–2, 6–0
Events
Singles Doubles
← 2002 WTA Tour Championships 2004 →
Main article: 2003 WTA Tour Championships
Kim Clijsters was the defending champion, and regained her title by beating Amélie Mauresmo.

Contents [hide]
1 Seeds
2 Alternates
3 Draw
3.1 Key
3.2 Finals
3.3 Red Group
3.4 Black Group
4 See also
Seeds[edit]
(1) Belgium Kim Clijsters (Champion)
(2) Belgium Justine Henin-Hardenne (Semifinals)
(5) United States Jennifer Capriati (Semifinals)
(6) France Amélie Mauresmo (Final)
(8) Russia Anastasia Myskina (Round Robin)
(9) Russia Elena Dementieva (Round Robin)
(10) United States Chanda Rubin (Round Robin)
(11) Japan Ai Sugiyama (Round Robin)
Note:

United States Serena Williams had qualified but pulled out due to left knee surgery.
United States Lindsay Davenport had qualified but pulled out due to left foot surgery.
United States Venus Williams had qualified but pulled out due to abdominal injury.
Alternates[edit]
Russia Nadia Petrova (not used)
Russia Vera Zvonareva (not used)
Draw[edit]
Key[edit]
Q = Qualifier
WC = Wild Card
LL = Lucky Loser
Alt = Alternate
SE = Special Exempt
PR = Protected Ranking
w/o = Walkover
r = Retired
d = Defaulted
Finals[edit]
Semifinals Final

1 Belgium Kim Clijsters 4 6 6
3 United States Jennifer Capriati 6 3 0
1 Belgium Kim Clijsters 6 6
4 France Amélie Mauresmo 2 0
4 France Amélie Mauresmo 77 3 6
2 Belgium Justine Henin-Hardenne 62 6 3
Red Group[edit]
Belgium Clijsters France Mauresmo Russia Dementieva United States Rubin RR
W–L Set
W–L Game
W–L Standings
1 Belgium Kim Clijsters 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 6–2, 6–2 6–4, 6–4 3–0 6–1 1
4 France Amélie Mauresmo 6–3, 4–6, 4–6 6–3, 6–2 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 1–2 4–4 2
6 Russia Elena Dementieva 2–6, 2–6 3–6, 2–6 4–6, 7–5, 6–1 1–2 2–5 4
7 United States Chanda Rubin 4–6, 4–6 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 6–4, 5–7, 1–6 1–2 3–5 3
Standings are determined by: 1) Number of wins; 2) Number of matches; 3) In two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4) In three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5) Steering Committee decision.

Black Group[edit]
Belgium Henin-Hardenne United States Capriati Russia Myskina Japan Sugiyama RR
W–L Set
W–L Game
W–L Standings
2 Belgium Justine Henin-Hardenne 6–2, 6–1 7–5, 5–7, 7–5 2–6, 4–6 2–1 4–3 1
3 United States Jennifer Capriati 2–6, 1–6 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 7–5, 7–6(7–3) 2–1 4–3 2
5 Russia Anastasia Myskina 5–7, 7–5, 5–7 5–7, 7–5, 4–6 6–4, 6–3 1–2 4–4 3
8 Japan Ai Sugiyama 6–2, 6–4 5–7, 6–7(3–7) 4–6, 3–6 1–2 2–4 4
Standings are determined by: 1) Number of wins; 2) Number of matches; 3) In two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4) In three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5) Steering Committee decision.

See also[edit]
WTA Tour Championships appearances
Categories: WTA Tour Championships
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Kelvin Martin (American football)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kelvin Martin
No. 83, 84
Position: Wide receiver / Return specialist
Personal information
Date of birth: May 14, 1965 (age 50)
Place of birth: San Diego, California
Height: 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)
Weight: 163 lb (74 kg)
Career information
High school: Jean Ribault (FL)
College: Boston College
NFL draft: 1987 / Round: 4 / Pick: 95
Career history
As player:
Dallas Cowboys (1987–1992)
Seattle Seahawks (1993–1994)
Philadelphia Eagles (1995)
Dallas Cowboys (1996)
* Offseason and/or practice squad member only
As coach:
Jacksonville University (2000)
(Wide receivers coach)
(Special teams coach)
University of North Texas (2001-2002)
(Wide receivers coach)
(Special teams coordinator)
Career highlights and awards
All-American (1985)
2× All-ECAC (1985, 1986)
Ed Block Courage Award (1990)
Super Bowl champion (XXVII)
Career NFL statistics
Games played: 139
Receptions: 367
Receiving yards: 4,768
Return yards: 4,020
Touchdowns: 18
Stats at NFL.com
Stats at pro-football-reference.com
Kelvin Brian Martin (born May 14, 1965 in San Diego, California) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League who was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL Draft. He graduated from Boston College and played in ten NFL seasons from 1987 to 1996 for the Cowboys, Seattle Seahawks, and Philadelphia Eagles.

Contents [hide]
1 Early years
2 Professional career
2.1 Dallas Cowboys (first stint)
2.2 Seattle Seahawks
2.3 Jacksonville Jaguars
2.4 Philadelphia Eagles
2.5 Dallas Cowboys (second stint)
3 Personal life
4 References
5 External links
Early years[edit]
At Jean Ribault High School in 1982, he made first-team All-City and All-Conference, while leading all Jacksonville wide receivers in catches (47), yards (746) and touchdowns (7).

Martin accepted a scholarship to play for Boston College, where he was a three-year starter and is recognized as one of the top wide receivers in school history.

In 1985 he was named as an All-East wide receiver, had a career-high 172 receiving yards against Pittsburgh University, and was key contributor in Boston College’s Cotton Bowl win. He also caught the winning touchdown pass in the final seconds of Boston College 27-24 Hall of Fame Bowl victory over Georgia University in 1986.

As a punt return specialist, he led the nation in yardage in 1985 (510). He set Boston College records for career returns (79 for 1,012 yards), single season yardage (510), single game yardage (166), and scored four touchdowns on punt runbacks.

1983: 6 catches for 119 yards with 1 TD
1984: 37 catches for 715 yards with 10 TD
1985: 49 catches for 958 yards with 9 TD
1986: 41 catches for 545 yards with 8 TD
In 2000, he was Inducted into the Boston College Varsity Club Athletic Hall of Fame. He still holds the career touchdown receptions record with 28, remains second in career yardage (2,337 yards) and fifth in receptions (133). Overall, he scored 194 career points.

Professional career[edit]
Dallas Cowboys (first stint)[edit]
Martin was drafted in the fourth round of the 1987 NFL Draft by the Dallas Cowboys, after dropping because of concerns over his size and speed.

He was used mostly as a punt and kickoff returner as a rookie after missing the first 8 games with injury. Nicknamed "K-Mart", by his second season he was named the starter wide receiver alongside Michael Irvin and finished third on the team with 49 receptions.[1] In 1989, he led the team in receptions (46) and receiving yards (644), even though he was placed on the injured reserve list on November 21, with a left knee interior cruciate ligament injury.[2] The next year he repeated as the team leader in receptions (64) and receiving yards (732).

With the arrival of Alvin Harper in 1991, he was limited to a third down role and as a punt returner, where he ranked third in the NFC with an 11.6 average. Against the Philadelphia Eagles, he returned a punt 85 yards for a game-winning touchdown in a 25-13 win and also set a franchise record with 124 total punt return yards in a game.

Martin caught 32 passes for 359 yards and three touchdowns, while also finishing second in the NFL with a 12.7 punt return average during the 1992 Super Bowl championship season. He participated in Super Bowl XXVII and did not have any receptions in the game, but returned 3 punts for 35 yards and 4 kickoffs for 79 for a total of 114 yards, the same number of yards that Michael Irvin had with his 6 receptions in the game.

After the season the Cowboys couldn't resign him because of salary cap considerations, so he declared for free agency, leaving as the franchise all-time leader in punt-return yardage with 1,803 yards and the tenth leading receiver (212 receptions, 2,703 yards and 8 touchdowns). He also led the team in punt returns in five different seasons, tying the record held by Bob Hayes.

Seattle Seahawks[edit]
Martin signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an unrestricted free agent in 1993 and had his best statistical season with 57 receptions for 798 yards and 5 receiving touchdowns (led the team). He was also the team punt returner and ranked 10th in the AFC with an 8.4 average.

In two years with the team, he registered 113 receptions, 1,479 yards and six touchdowns. He was left unprotected for the 1995 NFL Expansion Draft.[3]

Jacksonville Jaguars[edit]
He was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 1995 NFL Expansion Draft, but was later released to reach the 95-man roster limit.

Philadelphia Eagles[edit]
After his release he signed as a free agent with the Philadelphia Eagles,[4] and appeared in nine games during the 1995 season, catching 17 passes for 206 yards. He was placed on the injured reserve list on December 13, 1995.[5]

Dallas Cowboys (second stint)[edit]
Martin re-signed with the Cowboys in 1996, catching 25 passes for 380 yards. He retired at the end of the season, finishing his career with 367 passes for 4,768 yards, 15 touchdowns, 261 punt returns for 2,567 yards and 76 kickoff returns for 1,453 yards.

Personal life[edit]
He was a special teams and wide receivers assistant coach at Jacksonville University in 2000.[6] He left to coach the wide receivers and special teams for the University of North Texas in 2001 and 2002, before resigning from the team.[7]

References[edit]
Jump up ^ AP (August 5, 1988). "Landry eyeing Martin for help at receiver". The Victoria Advocate.
Jump up ^ AP (November 21, 1989). "Cowboys lose top wide receiver". The Item.
Jump up ^ AP (January 18, 1995). "Martins, Edmunds among six Hawks left for new teams". The Spokesman-Review.
Jump up ^ S.A. Paolantonio (June 13, 1995). "KELVIN MARTIN AN EAGLE IF YOU CAN'T BEAT THEM, JOIN THEM. AND IF YOU HAVE BEATEN THEM, JOIN THEM ANYWAY.". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Jump up ^ "Transactions". Gettysburg Times. December 14, 1995.
Jump up ^ "College football: Martin hired at UNT". The Victoria Advocate. April 26, 2001.
Jump up ^ "Thursday's transactions". Eugene Register-Guard. September 13, 2002.
External links[edit]
Boston College bio
Kelvin Martin is 12th-man star
Cowboys’ Best Return Specialists
[show] v t e
Dallas Cowboys 1987 NFL Draft selections
[show] v t e
Dallas Cowboys Super Bowl XXVII Champions
Categories: 1965 birthsLiving peopleSportspeople from San Diego, CaliforniaAmerican football wide receiversAmerican football return specialistsBoston College Eagles football playersDallas Cowboys playersSeattle Seahawks playersJacksonville Jaguars playersPhiladelphia Eagles playersSuper Bowl championsEd Block Courage Award recipients
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Big Black Dog
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Big Black Dog"

Single by Humble Pie
B-side Strange Days
Released 1970
Format Vinyl 7"
Recorded 1970
Genre Hard rock
Length 4:07
Label A&M
Writer(s) Peter Frampton
Humble Pie singles chronology
- The Sad Bag of Shaky Jake (1969) Big Black Dog (1970) Shine On (1970)
"Big Black Dog" was a single released in 1970 by English rock band Humble Pie, one of the first British supergroups which formed in 1969. It was the band's first single, released by A&M Records and the follow-up single to "Natural Born Bugie" (1969). It was written by the band's guitarist, Peter Frampton.[1][2][3][4]

The B-side, "Strange Days" is credited to Steve Marriott and Humble Pie. It later appeared on the group's fourth album Rock On. In Germany, the B-side was "Only a Roach", which was an ode to cannabis, written and sung by drummer Jerry Shirley.

Credits[edit]
Steve Marriott - vocals, guitar
Peter Frampton - vocals, guitar
Greg Ridley - vocals, bass guitar
Jerry Shirley - drums
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Humble Pie–Big Black Dog / Strange Days". discogs.com. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hot 'N' Nasty". amazon.com. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Humble Pie". debate.org. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
Jump up ^ DeGagne, Mike. "Humble Pie Hot 'n' Nasty: The Anthology". allmusic.com. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
External links[edit]
Humble Pie.net
[hide] v t e
Humble Pie
Steve Marriott Jerry Shirley Greg Ridley Peter Frampton
Clem Clempson Anthony "Sooty" Jones Bobby Tench Fallon Williams III Jim Leverton Goldy McJohn Keith Cristopher Tommy Johnson Phil Dix Rick Richards Dave Hewitt Charlie Huhn Wally Stocker Sean Beavan Scott Allen Alan Greene Sam Nemon Brad Johnson Jamie Darnell Ean Evans Kent "Bubba" Gascoyne Rick Craig Patrick Thomas Dave Colwell Dean Rees
Studio albums
As Safe As Yesterday Is Town and Country Humble Pie Rock On Smokin' Eat It Thunderbox Street Rats On to Victory Go for the Throat Back On Track
Live albums
Performance Rockin' the Fillmore In Concert Live At The Whiskey A-Go-Go '69
Compilations
Humble Pie's Greatest Hits {Featuring Peter Frampton & Steve Marriott] Best of Humble Pie Classics Volume 14 Early Years Hot n' Nasty: The Anthology The Scrubbers Sessions Archive The Immediate Years: Natural Born Boogie Running with the Pack Natural Born Boogie: The BBC Sessions Extended Versions Twentieth Century Masters: The Millennium Collection The Atlanta Years Definitive Collection (Best Of)
Singles
"Natural Born Bugie" "The Sad Bag of Shaky Jake" "Big Black Dog" "Shine On" "I Don't Need No Doctor" "Hot 'n' Nasty" "30 Days in the Hole" "Get Down to It" "Shut Up and Don't Interrupt Me" "Black Coffee" "Oh La De Da" "Ninety-Nine Pounds" "Rock and Roll Music"


Stub icon This 1970s single–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: 1970 singlesHumble Pie (band) songsSongs written by Peter Frampton1970 songsA&M Records singles1970s single stubs
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Philodoria ureraella
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philodoria ureraella
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Gracillariidae
Genus: Philodoria
Species: P. ureraella
Binomial name
Philodoria ureraella
(Swezey, 1915)
Synonyms
Gracilaria ureraella Swezey, 1915
Parectopa ureraella
Philodoria ureraella is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is endemic to Oahu.

The larvae feed on Urera sandwicensis and Urera kaalae. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a small roundish blotch becoming irregular as it becomes larger from the eating of the larva within. Full-grown larvae are about 6 mm long and pale greenish.

The larva emerges to spin a whitish cocoon on the surface of the leaf. The pupa is about 4 mm long and pale greenish. The pupal period lasts about 10 days.

External links[edit]
Insects of Hawaii. Volume 9, Microlepidoptera


Stub icon This article relating to moths in subfamily Gracillariinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: PhilodoriaEndemic moths of HawaiiGracillariinae stubs
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Уолтер Уайт, семьянин, муж и отец, он работает учителем химии в средней школе. Шурин Уолтера работает в Организации по борьбе с наркотиками и предлагает ему поучаствовать в облаве на дом, в котором находится лаборатория по приготовлению наркотиков. Во время полицейской облавы Уолтер видит, как один из наркоторговцев сбегает от полиции и этим беглецом оказывается бывший ученик - Джесси Пинкман, которого сам же Уолтер и помог исключить из школы. Вскоре Уолтер узнаёт, что неизлечимо болен раком, и из-за плачевного финансового положения семейства он решает на отчаянный шаг - заняться варкой "мета". Для этого Уолтер Уайт привлекает бывшего ученика-раздолбая Джесси Пинкмана. Они покупают трейлер, организовывают там лабораторию и уезжают в пустыню, чтобы приготовить свою первую партию метамфетамина для продажи.

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2007–08 UEFA Champions League knockout stage
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Main article: 2007–08 UEFA Champions League
The knockout stage of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League began on 19 February 2008, and concluded on 21 May 2008 with the final at the Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow. The knockout stage involves the sixteen teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage.

Each tie in the knockout stage, apart from the final, will be played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs will progress to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finish level, the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs will progress. If away goals are equal too, 30 minutes of extra time are played. If there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, there will be a penalty shootout after extra time.

In the final, the tie is played over just one leg at a neutral venue. If scores are level at the end of normal time in the final, extra time is played, followed by penalties if scores remain tied.

Contents [hide]
1 Qualified teams
2 Bracket
3 First knockout round
3.1 First leg
3.2 Second leg
4 Quarter-finals
4.1 First leg
4.2 Second leg
5 Semi-finals
5.1 First leg
5.2 Second leg
6 Final
7 References
Qualified teams[edit]
Key to colours
Seeded in round of 16 draw
Unseeded in round of 16 draw
Group Winners Runners-up
A Portugal Porto England Liverpool
B England Chelsea Germany Schalke
C Spain Real Madrid Greece Olympiacos
D Italy Milan Scotland Celtic
E Spain Barcelona France Lyon
F England Manchester United Italy Roma
G Italy Internazionale Turkey Fenerbahçe
H Spain Sevilla England Arsenal
Bracket[edit]
First knockout round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final

Germany Schalke 04 (p) 1 0 1(4)
Portugal Porto 0 1 1(1)
Germany Schalke 04 0 0 0
Spain Barcelona 1 1 2
Scotland Celtic 2 0 2
Spain Barcelona 3 1 4
Spain Barcelona 0 0 0
England Manchester United 0 1 1
Italy Roma 2 2 4
Spain Real Madrid 1 1 2
Italy Roma 0 0 0
England Manchester United 2 1 3
France Lyon 1 0 1
England Manchester United 1 1 2
England Manchester United (p) 1 (6)
England Chelsea 1 (5)
England Arsenal 0 2 2
Italy Milan 0 0 0
England Arsenal 1 2 3
England Liverpool 1 4 5
England Liverpool 2 1 3
Italy Internazionale 0 0 0
England Liverpool 1 2 3
England Chelsea (aet) 1 3 4
Turkey Fenerbahçe (p) 3 2 5(3)
Spain Sevilla 2 3 5(2)
Turkey Fenerbahçe 2 0 2
England Chelsea 1 2 3
Greece Olympiacos 0 0 0
England Chelsea 0 3 3
First knockout round[edit]
The draw for the first knockout round of the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League was held on 21 December 2007 at 12:00 CET in Nyon, Switzerland. The first legs of the first knockout round were played on 19 February and 20 February 2008, while the second legs were played on 4 March, 5 March and, in the case of Internazionale and Liverpool, 11 March, due to a stadium clash with the match between Milan and Arsenal.[1]

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Celtic Scotland 2–4 Spain Barcelona 2–3 0–1
Lyon France 1–2 England Manchester United 1–1 0–1
Schalke 04 Germany 1–1 (4–1p) Portugal Porto 1–0 0–1 (aet)
Liverpool England 3–0 Italy Internazionale 2–0 1–0
Roma Italy 4–2 Spain Real Madrid 2–1 2–1
Arsenal England 2–0 Italy Milan 0–0 2–0
Olympiacos Greece 0–3 England Chelsea 0–0 0–3
Fenerbahçe Turkey 5–5 (3–2p) Spain Sevilla 3–2 2–3 (aet)
First leg[edit]
All times CET

19 February 2008
20:45
Schalke 04 Germany 1–0 Portugal Porto
Kurányi Goal 4' Report
MatchCentre
Arena AufSchalke, Gelsenkirchen
Attendance: 53,951
Referee: Laurent Duhamel (France)
19 February 2008
20:45
Roma Italy 2–1 Spain Real Madrid
Pizarro Goal 24'
Mancini Goal 58' Report
MatchCentre
Raúl Goal 8'
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 56,231
Referee: Herbert Fandel (Germany)
19 February 2008
20:45
Olympiacos Greece 0–0 England Chelsea
Report
MatchCentre
Karaiskákis Stadium, Athens
Attendance: 31,302
Referee: Konrad Plautz (Austria)
19 February 2008
20:45
Liverpool England 2–0 Italy Internazionale
Kuyt Goal 85'
Gerrard Goal 90' Report
MatchCentre
Anfield, Liverpool
Attendance: 41,999
Referee: Frank De Bleeckere (Belgium)
20 February 2008
20:45
Celtic Scotland 2–3 Spain Barcelona
Vennegoor of Hesselink Goal 16'
Robson Goal 38' Report
MatchCentre
Messi Goal 18', 79'
Henry Goal 52'
Celtic Park, Glasgow
Attendance: 58,426
Referee: Peter Fröjdfeldt (Sweden)
20 February 2008
20:45
Lyon France 1–1 England Manchester United
Benzema Goal 54' Report
MatchCentre
Tevez Goal 87'
Stade Gerland, Lyon
Attendance: 39,219
Referee: Luis Medina Cantalejo (Spain)
20 February 2008
20:45
Fenerbahçe Turkey 3–2 Spain Sevilla
Kežman Goal 17'
Lugano Goal 57'
Semih Goal 87' Report
MatchCentre
Edu Goal 23' (o.g.)
Escudé Goal 66'
Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, Istanbul
Attendance: 46,210
Referee: Florian Meyer (Germany)
20 February 2008
20:45
Arsenal England 0–0 Italy Milan
Report
MatchCentre
Emirates Stadium, London
Attendance: 60,082
Referee: Claus Bo Larsen (Denmark)
Second leg[edit]
All times CET

4 March 2008
20:45
Milan Italy 0–2 England Arsenal
Report
MatchCentre
Fàbregas Goal 84'
Adebayor Goal 90+2'
San Siro, Milan
Attendance: 81,879
Referee: Konrad Plautz (Austria)
Arsenal won 2–0 on aggregate.

4 March 2008
20:45
Barcelona Spain 1–0 Scotland Celtic
Xavi Goal 3' Report
MatchCentre
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Attendance: 75,326
Referee: Pieter Vink (Netherlands)
Barcelona won 4–2 on aggregate.

4 March 2008
20:45
Sevilla Spain 3–2 (a.e.t.) Turkey Fenerbahçe
Alves Goal 6'
Keita Goal 9'
Kanouté Goal 41' Report
MatchCentre
Deivid Goal 21', 80'
Penalties
Kanouté Penalty scored
Escudé Penalty missed
Dragutinović Penalty scored
Maresca Penalty missed
Dani Alves Penalty missed 2–3 Penalty scored Wederson
Penalty missed Edu
Penalty scored Mehmet Aurélio
Penalty scored Kežman
Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium, Seville
Attendance: 38,626
Referee: Massimo Busacca (Switzerland)
Fenerbahçe 5–5 Sevilla on aggregate. Fenerbahçe won 3–2 on penalties.

4 March 2008
20:45
Manchester United England 1–0 France Lyon
Ronaldo Goal 41' Report
MatchCentre
Old Trafford, Manchester
Attendance: 75,520
Referee: Roberto Rosetti (Italy)
Manchester United won 2–1 on aggregate.

5 March 2008
20:45
Porto Portugal 1–0 (a.e.t.) Germany Schalke 04
Lisandro Goal 86' Report
MatchCentre
Penalties
Lucho Penalty scored
Bruno Alves Penalty missed
Lisandro Penalty missed 1–4 Penalty scored Rafinha
Penalty scored Rakitić
Penalty scored Altıntop
Penalty scored Jones
Estádio do Dragão, Porto
Attendance: 45,316
Referee: Howard Webb (England)
Schalke 1–1 Porto on aggregate. Schalke won 4–1 on penalties.

5 March 2008
20:45
Real Madrid Spain 1–2 Italy Roma
Raúl Goal 75' Report
MatchCentre
Taddei Goal 73'
Vučinić Goal 90+2'
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
Attendance: 71,569
Referee: Kyros Vassaras (Greece)
Roma won 4–2 on aggregrate.

5 March 2008
20:45
Chelsea England 3–0 Greece Olympiacos
Ballack Goal 5'
Lampard Goal 25'
Kalou Goal 48' Report
MatchCentre
Stamford Bridge, London
Attendance: 37,721
Referee: Manuel Mejuto González (Spain)
Chelsea won 3–0 on aggregate.

11 March 2008
20:45
Internazionale Italy 0–1 England Liverpool
Report
MatchCentre
Torres Goal 64'
San Siro, Milan
Attendance: 78,923
Referee: Tom Henning Øvrebø (Norway)
Liverpool won 3–0 on aggregate.

Quarter-finals[edit]
The draw for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and final was held on Friday, 14 March 2008 at 13:00 CET in Nyon, Switzerland. The draw was conducted by UEFA General Secretary David Taylor and Rinat Dasayev, the ambassador for the final in Moscow. Unlike the first knockout round, teams from the same group or country could be drawn together from the quarter-finals onwards.

The first legs of the quarter-finals were played on 1 April and 2 April, while the second legs were played on 8 April and 9 April 2008.

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Arsenal England 3–5 England Liverpool 1–1 2–4
Roma Italy 0–3 England Manchester United 0–2 0–1
Schalke 04 Germany 0–2 Spain Barcelona 0–1 0–1
Fenerbahçe Turkey 2–3 England Chelsea 2–1 0–2
First leg[edit]
All times CEST

1 April 2008
20:45
Roma Italy 0–2 England Manchester United
Report
MatchCentre
Ronaldo Goal 39'
Rooney Goal 66'
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 60,931
Referee: Frank De Bleeckere (Belgium)
1 April 2008
20:45
Schalke 04 Germany 0–1 Spain Barcelona
Report
MatchCentre
Bojan Goal 12'
Arena AufSchalke, Gelsenkirchen
Attendance: 53,951
Referee: Kyros Vassaras (Greece)
2 April 2008
20:45
Arsenal England 1–1 England Liverpool
Adebayor Goal 23' Report
MatchCentre
Kuyt Goal 26'
Emirates Stadium, London
Attendance: 60,041
Referee: Pieter Vink (Netherlands)
2 April 2008
20:45
Fenerbahçe Turkey 2–1 England Chelsea
Kazim-Richards Goal 65'
Deivid Goal 81' Report
MatchCentre
Deivid Goal 13' (o.g.)
Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, Istanbul
Attendance: 49,055
Referee: Claus Bo Larsen (Denmark)
Second leg[edit]
All times CEST

8 April 2008
20:45
Liverpool England 4–2 England Arsenal
Hyypiä Goal 30'
Torres Goal 69'
Gerrard Goal 85' (pen.)
Babel Goal 90+2' Report
MatchCentre
Diaby Goal 13'
Adebayor Goal 84'
Anfield, Liverpool
Attendance: 41,985
Referee: Peter Fröjdfeldt (Sweden)
Liverpool won 5–3 on aggregate.

8 April 2008
20:45
Chelsea England 2–0 Turkey Fenerbahçe
Ballack Goal 4'
Lampard Goal 87' Report
MatchCentre
Stamford Bridge, London
Attendance: 38,369
Referee: Herbert Fandel (Germany)
Chelsea won 3–2 on aggregate.

9 April 2008
20:45
Manchester United England 1–0 Italy Roma
Tevez Goal 70' Report
MatchCentre
Old Trafford, Manchester
Attendance: 74,423
Referee: Tom Henning Øvrebø (Norway)
Manchester United won 3–0 on aggregate.

9 April 2008
20:45
Barcelona Spain 1–0 Germany Schalke 04
Y. Touré Goal 42' Report
MatchCentre
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Attendance: 72,113
Referee: Roberto Rosetti (Italy)
Barcelona won 2–0 on aggregate.

Semi-finals[edit]
The first legs of the semi-finals were played on 22 April and 23 April, while the second legs were played on 29 April and 30 April 2008.

Team 1 Agg. Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
Liverpool England 3–4 England Chelsea 1–1 2–3 (aet)
Barcelona Spain 0–1 England Manchester United 0–0 0–1
First leg[edit]
22 April 2008
20:45
Liverpool England 1–1 England Chelsea
Kuyt Goal 43' Report
MatchCentre
Riise Goal 90+4' (o.g.)
Anfield, Liverpool
Attendance: 42,180
Referee: Konrad Plautz (Austria)
23 April 2008
20:45
Barcelona Spain 0–0 England Manchester United
Report
MatchCentre
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Attendance: 95,949
Referee: Massimo Busacca (Switzerland)
Second leg[edit]
29 April 2008
20:45
Manchester United England 1–0 Spain Barcelona
Scholes Goal 14' Report
MatchCentre
Old Trafford, Manchester
Attendance: 75,061

Тиберий Семпроний Гракх. Вымышленный портрет из сборника биографий Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum (1553)
Тиберий Семпроний Гракх (лат. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, (ок. 163 года до н. э. — лето 133 года до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель, старший брат Гая Гракха, народный трибун (в должности с 10 декабря 134 года до н. э. до смерти).

Происходил из знатной семьи, участвовал в Третьей Пунической войне и осаде Нуманции. Вскоре после вступления в должность народного трибуна в декабре 134 года до н. э. выдвинул проект масштабной аграрной реформы, предполагавшей ограничить пользование общественной землёй (ager publicus) крупнейшими арендаторами. Излишки земли, возвращённые в государственную собственность, он предложил разделить между беднейшими крестьянами, чтобы поддержать социальную базу римской армии и ограничить люмпенизацию населения. Решительными действиями Тиберий преодолел сопротивление многочисленных оппонентов, в начале 133 года дo н. э. добился утверждения закона и организовал комиссию по перераспределению земли, которую и возглавил. Дальнейшие его действия — передача наследства пергамского царя аграрной комиссии и попытка переизбрания на второй срок — были нарушением сложившихся конституционных традиций и, возможно, прямых законодательных запретов, что привело к падению его популярности и усилению оппозиции. Во время выборов трибунов на следующий год группа сенаторов и их сторонников убила Тиберия и множество его соратников.

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Chamolaelaps
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chamolaelaps
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Acari
Order: Mesostigmata
Family: Laelapidae
Genus: Chamolaelaps
Hull, in F.Türk & S.Türk 1952
Chamolaelaps is a genus of mites in the family Laelapidae.[1]

Species[edit]
Chamolaelaps hypudaei (Oudemans, 1902)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ David Evans Walter (ed.). "Laelapidae Species Listing". Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved August 31, 2010.


This Laelapidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Necrosaurus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Necrosaurus cayluxi
Temporal range: Late Eocene, 37.2–33.9 Ma
PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN
↓
Necrosaurus cayluxensis.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Squamata
Superfamily: Varanoidea
Family: †Necrosauridae
Genus: †Necrosaurus
Filhol, 1876
Species: † N. cayluxi
Binomial name
Necrosaurus cayluxi
Filhol, 1873
Necrosaurus is an extinct genus of varanoid lizards from the Late Eocene of France. It contains only one species, Necrosaurus cayluxensis.[1][2]

References[edit]
Jump up ^ "†Necrosaurus cayluxi Filhol 1873 (lizard)". Fossilworks. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Squamata: Scleroglossa". Palaeos. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
Stub icon This lizard article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Lizard stubsPrehistoric reptiles of EuropeEocene lizards
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БЛЯ ЩА НА ДЕЛО ПОЙДЕМ, ОТВЕЧАЮ ТАКИЕ ТЕМЫ МУТИТЬ БУДЕМ, УХ ЧТО СЕЙЧАС НАЧНЕТСЯ, ВНАТУРЕ ДВИЖУХА ЩА БУДЕТ

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Sail bogey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sail bogey at Herne Bay Pier 1855
A sail bogey or sail trolley is a wind-driven vehicle that runs along railway tracks.[1]

Contents [hide]
1 Examples
1.1 Spurn railway
1.2 Teesmouth lifeboat
1.3 Others
2 Replica
3 References
4 Further reading
Examples[edit]
Spurn railway[edit]
The Spurn railway, built along Spurn Head on the Yorkshire coast of England was built in the First World War and ran until the early 1950s and included sail bogies as part of its rolling stock.[2]

Teesmouth lifeboat[edit]
In the early days of the Teesmouth lifeboat, its crew were sometimes able, subject to wind conditions, to travel out to the lifeboat station at South Gare on a sail bogey.[3]

Others[edit]

Camber Railway: sail-driven waggons with balanced lug, standing lug and gaff rigs
Other locations to have used sail bogies include:

Cliffe, Kent[1]
Gosport[1]
Herne Bay Pier, Kent[4]
Camber Railway near Port Stanley, The Falkland Islands[1]
Replica[edit]

Ffestiniog Railway: Replica of Spooner's boat
More recently, in 2005, a replica of a 19th-century sail bogey was built and demonstrated on the Ffestiniog Railway in North Wales.[5][6][7]

References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Munro, Mike. "Sails on Rails". Retrieved 2010-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Spurn Railway". Retrieved 2009-09-13.
Jump up ^ "Teesmouth Lifeboat Supporters Association: History". Retrieved 2009-09-13.
Jump up ^ Information from display at Herne Bay Museum (see File:Herne Bay Museum 0007.jpg)
Jump up ^ "Boat's New Sail". Retrieved 2010-08-17.
Jump up ^ Sail on the Rail
Jump up ^ The Boat. Festipedia, hosted by the FR Heritage Group.
Further reading[edit]
Frost, Howard M. (2001). Sailing the Rails. Spurn Heritage Coast. ISBN 0-9540308-0-X.


Stub icon This article about transport is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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>>102106121
так у тебя ее и не будет, потому что по характеру - ты проститутка...

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Nagodzice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nagodzice
Village
Nagodzice is located in Poland NagodziceNagodzice
Coordinates: 50°10′N 16°40′E
Country Poland
Voivodeship Lower Silesian
County Kłodzko
Gmina Międzylesie
Nagodzice [naɡɔˈd͡ʑit͡sɛ] (German: Herzogswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzylesie, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.[1] Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Międzylesie, 31 km (19 mi) south of Kłodzko, and 110 km (68 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) – TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
[hide] v t e
Gmina Międzylesie
Town and seat
Międzylesie
POL Międzylesie COA.svg
Villages
Boboszów Czerwony Strumień Długopole Górne Dolnik Domaszków Gajnik Gniewoszów Goworów Jaworek Jodłów Kamieńczyk Lesica Michałowice Nagodzice Niemojów Nowa Wieś Pisary Potoczek Różanka Roztoki Smreczyna Szklarnia
Coordinates: 50°10′N 16°40′E

Stub icon This Kłodzko County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories: Villages in Kłodzko CountyKłodzko County geography stubs
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